"四大名旦"和20世纪前期的上海

京剧"四大名旦"--梅兰芳、程砚秋、荀慧生、尚小云先后成名上海,从而促成了京剧鼎盛的局面,这是中国戏曲史上一个特别值得注意的现象.他们成名沪上缘于上海是个名角相对较少,束缚较少而宣传发达的新兴都市.四大名旦的上海之行带给他们的不仅是声名的鹊起,也使他们的演艺突飞猛进;而他们的"走穴"申城也对上海京剧舞台产生了深刻影响.     

A school-based intervention on elementary students’ school engagement

Prior research has reported signs of low engagement in the early stages of schooling. The present study assessed the effectiveness of a school-based intervention that promotes cognitive, emotional, and behavioral engagement in elementary school children through a story tool. The study followed a cluster-randomized design with 259 fourth graders nested in 12 classes; the classes, not the individuals, were randomly assigned to an intervention or control group. Both groups were assessed in four waves in two measures for each engagement dimension. Data were analyzed with a multilevel approach. Findings show that the intervention enhanced students’ cognitive, emotional, and behavioral engagement. Still, there is a delay before the intervention program exhibits a beneficial effect.Moreover, gender discrepancies were found. Before the intervention, girls showed higher cognitive and emotional engagement, but boys exhibited higher emotional engagement after the intervention. In addition, current results indicate that the program benefited the boys more than the girls. Finally, there was no evidence that the engagement outcomes differed depending on the parent’s educational level. Findings provide valuable information for future research and educational practice.     

趋同抑或求异:英国高等教育质量保障的过去与未来

博洛尼亚进程有力推动了欧洲高等教育一体化,英国积极参与欧洲高等教育区建设,在质量保障方面与其保持高度一致,促进了欧洲高等教育的趋同发展。本文通过历史分析发现,英国高等教育质量保障系统包含科研评估、教学评估和机构审核,兼具质量改进与问责的双重功能,且表现出竞争导向、风险为本的市场问责发展趋势。在脱欧背景下,英格兰新成立的学生办公室也是高等教育国家干预与市场问责的进一步结合,并非英国的"求异"发展。英国乃至欧洲高等教育区的质量保障机制面临着机构多样性与标准相似性的张力,并将受到消费者"众口难调"质量观的挑战。     

Adaptation and Pilot Testing of a Sexual Health Intervention for Female Survivors of Violence

Experiences of violence and behaviors that increase the risk of acquiring a sexually transmitted infection are high among women in the United States, and they often intersect (Meyer, Springer, &; Altice, 2011 Meyer, J. P., Springer, S. A., &; Altice, F. L. (2011). Substance abuse, violence, and HIV in women: A literature review of the syndemic. Journal of Women's Health (2002), 20(7), 991–1006. doi:10.1089/jwh.2010.2328[Crossref] , [Google Scholar]; Montgomery et al., 2015 Montgomery, B., Rompalo, A., Hughes, J., Wang, J., Haley, D., Soto-Torres, L., &; Hodder, S. (2015). Violence against women in selected areas of the united states.e1-e11. Am J Public Health, 105(10), 2156–2166 [Google Scholar]; World Health Organization (WHO), 2010 World Health Organization (WHO). (2010). Addressing violence against women and HIV/AIDS: What works?. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization. [Google Scholar]). However, there are few evidence-based HIV-prevention interventions that address the special needs and challenges faced by female survivors of violence (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, (CDC), 2017a Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2017a). Compendium of evidence-based interventions and best practices for HIV prevention. Atlanta, GA: Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, Sexual Transmitted Diseases and Tuberculosis Prevention. Retrieved from https://www.cdc.gov/hiv/research/interventionresearch/compendium/rr/index.html [Google Scholar]). To address this gap, we adapted and pilot-tested an existing evidence-based women-focused sexual risk-reduction intervention (The Future Is Ours) with 23 self-identified female survivors of violence. The intervention comprised eight-weekly, two-hour cognitive behavioral group sessions focusing on reducing sexual-risk and improving trauma-based coping skills. Using mixed-methods analyses, the adapted intervention was determined feasible and acceptable to participants, and preliminary results suggest that participation could reduce risk factors for sexually transmitted infections. Therefore, testing on a larger scale is warranted.     

‘Children’s clans’; social organisation and interpretive reconstruction as aspects on development of peer-groups in outdoor play

The focus of this article is children’s self-organisation of peer-groups through play. The play was initiated by encounters with the environment. The use of ethnographic methods in early childhood research has proved helpful to elucidate, interpret, and understand children’s experiences and the creation of meaning in their everyday lives. This inquiry draws on field notes, informal conversations with the children, and photos from a study of kindergarten children’s experiences of outdoor places and landscapes in Norway. Going out of doors together with the children regularly over a period of 10 months revealed aspects of how children’s interactions in play connect to their use of natural landscapes and its place in peer-group social organisation. The data are presented as ‘narrative maps’ and episodes written as ‘emplotted’ narratives.     

Uncovering young children's motivational beliefs about learning science

Young children, ages 5–6 years, develop first beliefs about science and themselves as science learners, and these beliefs are considered important precursors of children's future motivation to pursue science. Yet, due to a lack of adequate measures, little is known about young children's motivational beliefs about learning science. The present two‐part study explores the motivational beliefs of young children using a new measure—the Young Children's Science Motivation (Y‐CSM) scale. Initial measurement development involved a thorough literature review of existing measures, and an extensive piloting phase until a final instrument was reached. To establish scale reliability, measurement invariance as well construct and criterion validity, the final instrument was administered to a new sample of 277 young children, age 5–6 years, in northern Germany. Results reveal that children's motivational beliefs can be empirically differentiated into their self‐confidence and enjoyment in science at this young age. Older children were more motivated in science, but no significant gender differences were found. Importantly, children in preschools with a science focus reported significantly higher science motivation. This finding stresses the importance of early science education for the development of children's motivational beliefs science.     

当前我国高校大学生存在的自杀诱因及干预探析

自杀属于非正常死亡现象,是一个特殊而又普遍的社会问题。大学生作为一个特殊的群体,大学生自杀应该引起社会各界的广泛关注。随着高校学生的自杀率逐年上升,其危害与后果的严重日益明显。然而,国内只有理论研究,可供实践的路径少。笔者将在大学生自杀诱因以及自杀危机的干预方面进行理论和实践上的探讨,以弥补其他学者的研究之不足。首先探讨大学生自杀诱因,为自杀心理预防提供方向;然后对自杀危机前的预防性干预、自杀危机下的过程性干预和自杀危机后的维护性干预都做明确阐析,希望预防大学生自杀干预机制能起到一定的效果,也为减少大学生自杀提供实质性的帮助。     

丹栀逍遥散配合心理干预治疗艾滋病抑郁症60例临床观察

目的:探讨和研究丹栀逍遥散配合心理干预治疗艾滋病抑郁症患者的临床效果。方法:采用口服丹栀逍遥散治疗30例,并予应用HARRT药物和常规对症治疗的30例进行对照观察,两组疗程均为8周。结果:两组间比较无显著性差异(P>0.05),但两组治疗后汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD量表)评分均较治疗前改善(P<0.05),且治疗后的治疗组评分低于对照组(P>0.05)。结论:治疗艾滋病抑郁症应用丹栀逍遥散配合心理干预有良好的疗效。     

裁员不确定感、心理调控与员工绩效——组织干预感知的调节作用

利用沿海地区481名留任员工的调查数据拟合假设关系模型,研究发现:两种裁员不确定感都是消极影响员工心理调控能力的重要因素,但它们对员工心理调控能力的影响机制却并不一致;员工自我调控对员工绩效的正向影响要远大于自我效能;通过多群因果分析和联合T检验发现,组织干预感知对裁员不确定感、心理调控和员工绩效三者之间的关系起调节作用。     

群体事件中心理危机干预的实施策略

心理危机干预是解决群体事件的有效途径,本文从群体事件中的心理危机干预的含义、心理危机干预前的准备工作以及实施步骤、心理危机干预中采用的具体技术手段及心理危机干预工作现状的反思等角度论述了心理危机干预的方法策略及社会意义。