德国职业教育教师能力领域构成研究与启示

本文从德国职业教育教师能力领域及其具体标准入手,对我国高职院校教师职业能力存在的问题进行分析,提出促进教师职业能力发展的对策和建议。     

红木文化产业的发展困境与发展路径探析——以广西凭祥为例

20世纪90年代以来,凭祥红木文化产业凭借独特的区位优势、成本优势、资源优势和后发优势,成为中国红木文化产业的后起之秀。但同时也面临着同质化趋势、发展规模受限、工艺水平滞后和全国性品牌缺失等困境。为此,应调整发展思路,从增强核心竞争力、加强精细化生产、提高工艺水平和打造国内知名品牌等方面创新发展路径,促进凭祥红木文化产业健康和可持续发展,为我国蓬勃兴起的红木文化产业提供有益的借鉴。     

Teachers in school sports: between the fields of education and sport?

According to the cultural sociologist Pierre Bourdieu, gaining access to a social space or a position within a social space requires a specific capital. For teachers, this is normally indicated by a valid teaching certificate with relevant subject knowledge. However, when no qualified teachers are available, which is the case for the subject of school sports in Sweden, other assets gain recognition. Drawing on Bourdieu's conceptual framework, this paper examined the conditions for school sports in Sweden, and based on questionnaires answered by 109 teachers, explored the competencies, education and backgrounds teachers in upper secondary school sports possess. The paper address the question: what valuable resources are required to become a teacher of school sports and gain recognition as symbolic capital? The results show that while school sports in Sweden are carried out through a school subject and thus regulated by the government, it is influenced by both the fields of education and sport. Furthermore, the questionnaire results show that a majority of the teachers are employed as coaches instead of teachers and that less than half of them (45%) have a teacher education background, while 95% have a coaching education background. However, the results also show that teachers assessed their competencies for teaching school sports as high, especially with regard to competencies in specific sport skills. In conclusion, this paper shows how coaching education and experience in competitive sports are an important resource required to become a teacher in school sports and is thus recognized as symbolic capital. Therefore, school sports cannot be viewed as a legitimate part of the field of education but can be viewed as a part of the field of sport.     

德国职业教育对工业4.0的回应: 提升劳动者数字能力

在工业4.0时代,劳动者驾驭智能化新型工业生产模式的数字能力成为实现国家发展策略的关键因素。因此,德国政府将劳动者数字能力培养提高到了战略层面并出台系列措施进行战略部署,包括:开展大型研究项目对工业4.0背景下数字能力概念的维度和内容进行深入解读;在分析实践困境的基础上,对企业、跨企业培训中心和职业学校各大办学主体分别给予扶持;参照工业4.0带来的全新任务领域对各个职业教育专业标准进行修订等。劳动者数字能力培养体现了在"人与机器"关系中以人为本的价值取向,代表了工业4.0背景下德国职业教育的改革重点和发展趋势,同时也凸显了德国政府顶层设计的作用。     

Effects of power variation on cycle performance during simulated hilly time-trials

It has previously been shown that cyclists are unable to maintain a constant power output during cycle time-trials on hilly courses. The purpose of the present study is therefore to quantify these effects of power variation using a mathematical model of cycling performance. A hypothetical cyclist (body mass: 70?kg, bicycle mass: 10?kg) was studied using a mathematical model of cycling, which included the effects of acceleration. Performance was modelled over three hypothetical 40-km courses, comprising repeated 2.5-km sections of uphill and downhill with gradients of 1%, 3%, and 6%, respectively. Amplitude (5–15%) and distance (0.31–20.00?km) of variation were modelled over a range of mean power outputs (200–600?W) and compared to sustaining a constant power. Power variation was typically detrimental to performance; these effects were augmented as the amplitude of variation and severity of gradient increased. Varying power every 1.25?km was most detrimental to performance; at a mean power of 200?W, performance was impaired by 43.90?s (±15% variation, 6% gradient). However at the steepest gradients, the effect of power variation was relatively independent of the distance of variation. In contrast, varying power in parallel with changes in gradient improved performance by 188.89?s (±15% variation, 6% gradient) at 200?W. The present data demonstrate that during hilly time-trials, power variation that does not occur in parallel with changes in gradient is detrimental to performance, especially at steeper gradients. These adverse effects are substantially larger than those previously observed during flat, windless time-trials.     

中国商业银行竞争力分析

2001年中国已成功加入世界贸易组织,标志着中国银行业逐步进入全面竞争的时代。国有商业银行不仅面临着国内同业的竞争,更面临国际强手的严峻挑战。＂知己知彼,百战不殆＂,客观地评价国有商业银行的竞争力,发挥所长,弥补所短,以赢得生存与发展空间,对我国银行业的发展和国民经济的发展具有重要意义。本文以实际数据为研究基础,运用主成分分析法,对中国商业银行的竞争力状况进行综合分析,探索提高中国国有商业银行竞争力的有效途径和改革措施。     

高职学院创业教育中存在的问题与对策思考

解决高职院校学生就业的一种良好的方法就是鼓励学生自主创业。高职学院开展创业教育应立足于创业意识的培养，以创业能力培养为核心，在教学内容、教学方法、咨询指导等方面进行探索、革新，通过开展创业教育，开发和提高学生的创业基本素质。     

依托高等教育人力资源 提升大连人力资源能力

人力资源可划分为3个层次：初级、中级和高级。知识经济时代对高等教育人力资源的需求不断提高，高等教育人力资源成为提升地区人力资源能力的关键。大连应依托高等教育人力资源，提升本地区的人力资源能力。     

20世纪30年代粤港走私问题探析

20世纪30年代，基于政治、地理及经济等因素，加之世界经济危机风暴的冲击，粤港两地走私现象日趋猖獗。这不但严重影响了粤港间的正常贸易活动，也造成国货滞销，进而在一定程度上抑制了国内经济的发展。