概率论诞生的思想历程

从随机现象的经验探索到概率论学科的形成,经过了千余年的时间。数学家从骰子赌博的问题讨论中发展出概率思想是人类认识史上光彩篇章,值得后人学习和体会。     

Using Multicultural Resources for Teachers to Combat Racial Prejudice in the Classroom

As the American population continues to become more diverse there is a need to provide children in early education with factual information about all ethnic groups to decrease prejudice. First, teachers must examine their own beliefs prior to implementing a multicultural approach into the curriculum. Three questions are presented that will assist teachers in evaluating their views and behaviors toward ethnic groups. Informative resources are provided for teachers to educate themselves, parents, and students. Through children's literature, instructional materials, and Internet sources, teachers can promote more positive attitudes among students and educate children to be respectful and accept the individuality of others.     

Children’s emotional and behavioral responses to peer provocation and early school adjustment

ABSTRACT

Even very young children think about their own and others’ behavior, including emotions. Such cognitions and emotions about the self and others convey information that is crucial to social interactions and relationships. The current study based on an integrated model of emotion processes and cognition in social information processing (SIP) aimed to explore students’ emotional and behavioral responses in SIP choices, and their association with teacher-reported early school adjustment. Two-hundred and thirty pre-school and first-grade primary school students were interviewed using the Challenging Situations Task (CST). CST assessed students’ emotional and behavioral responses to 12 unambiguous hypothetical peer provocation situations. Children’s preschool and first-grade primary teachers rated children’s early school adjustment with the Social Competence and Behavior Evaluation (SCBE-30) measure. The results revealed that children chose mainly sad and angry emotions and socially competent and passive behaviors. We found a relationship both between sad emotions and socially competent behavior choices, and between angry emotion and aggressive behavior choices. Sad emotions and aggressive behavior choices were the main predictors of school adjustment. Children’s responses to peer provocation situations varied depending on how the children interpreted the situations. The results address the importance of children’s SIP and school adjustment.     

试析沦陷初期江苏地区各阶层心态

沦陷时期江苏地区各阶层在大敌当头时的心理和行为:战争初期,社会混乱,国民政府官员弃民而逃;土匪、地痞流氓则浑水摸鱼,大肆抢劫;普通民众则处于高度恐慌状态,为躲战乱,流离失所;城镇地区则有地方头面人物(地方耆老、商会会长等)联系日军,或者迫于后者的压力,出面组成维持会,稳定秩序。     

对高等教育发展的几点思考

人才强国战略的提出是我国在新形势下的一个重大决策。高等教育与实施人才强国战略中的创新型国家建设有直接关系。我国现行高等教育还存在着严重的问题,制约了高素质人才大批涌现。需要多元化、多层次发展高等教育,加强高校的素质教育,高等教育要“以人为本”,与国际接轨,培养国际化人才,在国际竞争中取得主动。     

Professional development of kindergarten teachers in Croatia – a personal choice or an obligation

The quality of educational processes with children of preschool age and long-term educational outcomes are largely related to the work quality of teachers. Lifelong learning and professional development, as predictors of quality, need to be regarded as an ongoing task for kindergarten teachers. Findings of an empirical study of Croatian kindergarten teachers’ views (N = 388) on professional development point to a link between teachers’ intrinsic motivation and their professional development. Motivation explains 46.87% of the variance Personal commitment to professional development. A slight positive correlation was found between the level of formal education and the frequency of professional development (r = .216, p < .01). Although the level of education of kindergarten teachers is not a good independent predictor, it affects readiness to self-fund professional development (p < .01). As for the significance of conferences as a form of professional development, participants of the study identified them as an effective opportunity (M = 4.68, SD = .52), promoting both quality practices (M = 4.69, SD = .54) and exchange of experiences (M = 4.68, SD = .56). The length of participants’ professional work experience affects their assessment of the significance of practitioners’ networking as a way of improving the quality of everyday practices (F = 1.43, p < .05).     

对<数学课程标准>的几点认识与思考

阐述了对《数学课程标准》的认识以及贯彻《数学课程标准》应注意的一些问题．     

新技术下的中专教学教材探索

新技术（计算机、计算器、网络）使学生更接近数学概念和拥有数学经验，使数学探索、数学实验以及提高概念的学习效果成为可能。     

核心素养研究的基本思路与方法路径

核心素养研究是一项基于学生发展的完整育人目标体系建构,对核心素养研究的基本思路和方法路径进行深入阐述,可以为相关研究的开展提供思路借鉴。核心素养研究的理论思考经历了由传统能力视角向整合视角的拓展,更加强调从现实情境中问题解决的需求出发,既关注素养的发展结果,同时也强调素养的形成环境或条件。在研究思路上,国际上对于学生核心素养的研究逐渐由结果观取向转向系统观取向,把核心素养育人目标和育人实践有机结合在一起,全面系统地思考核心素养的培养与落实问题。核心素养指标体系的建构主要涉及顶层设计、理论研究、实证调查、成果整合和效度验证等环节,各环节相互衔接、相互关联。未来研究应该站在系统观的角度理解和把握核心素养的整体框架,同时需要更多纵向追踪研究为核心素养的内涵和框架提供证据支持,并把学生的发展需求作为贯穿各个研究环节的主线。     

民族偏远地区基础英语教学的几点建议

本文基于对我校英语专业三年级学生英语作文中典型的、低层次的语言错误情况进行的分析 ,结合课堂教学观摩、问卷调查结果 ,探讨、反思民族偏远地区基础英语教育存在的主要问题 ,然后 ,针对这些问题 ,从师资培训、合作行动研究及第二语言习得有关理论角度提出几点建议