意识形态对翻译策略的操控及其局限性探析

研究意识形态对翻译的操控,有重大的理论意义和实践意义。它一方面为翻译研究提供了新的视角,拓宽了研究空间;另一方面,大大加深了我们对译者主体性的认识。意识形态对译者采取的翻译策略有很大的影响,从理论上说,这种影响是相对的、在一定程度上的。意识形态不是唯一的视角。在翻译研究中,译者的主观能动性也不容忽视。     

教学艺术有时就是教学中设问的艺术——浅议课堂提问要具有导向性

教学艺术有时就是教师课堂提问的艺术,课堂提问要具有导向性才能有效引导学生的学习活动。要充分发挥课堂提问的导向作用。教师在课堂之前做好问题的预设,创造合适的情境激发学生的学习智慧。而用通俗易懂、生动有趣的语言降低问题的难度,能让精彩在巧妙的课堂提问中绽放。     

从礼貌原则的角度看礼貌语言的策略功能

文章以Brown＆Levinson和Leech的礼貌理论为框架,从礼貌原则的角度说明了对礼貌语言的策略性操纵。研究结果认为,对语言交际情景中不同对象所表示出的礼貌或非礼貌可能带来策略上的不同效果,并且说话人可以利用形式礼貌与实质礼貌之间的复杂关系来操纵礼貌语言的使用,使之显示出种种策略性功能。     

Manipulation in Athletics: Historical and Contemporary Ties between On- and Off-Field Corruption in the International Association of Athletics Federations (IAAF)

Abstract

This paper analyzes two cases of manipulation within the spheres of the supreme authority of the sport of athletics, the International Association of Athletics Federation (IAAF). It shows the lack of historical and contemporary policies in the IAAF to combat manipulation in its sport. The study draws on previously unexamined historical sources from the IAAF Archive in Monaco and the Carl and Liselott Diem-Archive in Germany, as well as recent reports compiled by official investigators. First, the paper discusses the IAAF’s handling of result manipulation at the 1987 IAAF World Championships long jump competition. At this event, the result of the final jump of the Italian athlete Giovanni Evangelisti had been manipulated. The subsequent internal IAAF proceedings on the case revealed major inconsistencies and difficulties and these are analyzed here. The paper then compares the Evangelisti debacle with the IAAF’s involvement in the recent doping scandal in Russia. Despite worldwide changes in the international sport system that led to the introduction of international governance principles and wide-ranging efforts against manipulation in sport, the available evidence suggests that there was conspiracy and corruption in the IAAF.     

论期刊影响因子人为操纵的识别

近年来,期刊影响因子的人为操纵受到学术界广泛关注,期刊过度自引成为人为操纵影响因子的重要手段.期刊自引率是识别影响因子人为操纵的敏感指标,但对小集团内部期刊互引和其他形式人为操纵的识别却无能为力.在该研究中,深度挖掘了自引率、扩散因子、被引半衰期、开放因子和互引指数在期刊影响因子人为操纵识别中的应用.     

道家思想对于调治焦虑和抑郁心理的启示

焦虑和抑郁是现代人心理健康的杀手，而生活压力是其共同的根源，学会以合理的思维方式和信念面对压力和生活事件是现代心理治疗的重要方法。本文结合埃利斯的理性——情绪疗法以及弗兰克的意义治疗法等心理治疗理论和方法，阐释道家顺应自然、安时处顺、祸福相倚等思想对于缓解焦虑、抑郁心理的启示。     

浅议资产减值准备

新《准则》关于资产减值准备主要有计提范围、可以转回的资产范围、计提基础以及资产组合计提四个方面的变化,形成了独立的资产减值准则,更具操作性。规定可以转回的资产范围,是为了防止公司特别是国有公司利用转回来操纵利润。新《准则》并不能堵住公司利用流动资产的减值计提转回操纵利润的漏洞,但新《准则》中的“公允价值”的普遍应用,会使公司操纵利润之路越走越窄。     

浅析机械手灵巧抓控运动学、动力学机理

普通机械、液压夹紧装置针对确定形状、特性的工件，施加压紧力固定工件。随着柔性加工技术的发展，生产线上的夹紧装置将面对不同形状、特性的工件，一般夹紧装置难以适应。在实际操作过程中，应以目标(工件)为中心，在分析机械手指与目标物体表面接触形式和状态的基础上，应用雅各宾、牛顿-欧拉方程确定主动力的大小和方向，从而进一步探讨机械夹紧装置(机械手)灵巧抓控运动学、动力学机理。     

The role of guidance in computer-based problem solving for the development of concepts of logic

The effect of two instructional variables,manipulation of objects and guidance, inlearning to use the logical connective,conditional, was investigated. Instructions for72 first- and second year social sciencestudents were varied in the computer-basedlearning environment Tarski's World, designedfor teaching first-order logic (Barwise &Etchemendy, 1992). Guidance, which wasoperationalised by giving the learners problemsthat guided them to all different types ofbasic problem situations that could be derivedfrom the conditional by stimulating them tomanipulate or to imagine to manipulate thegeometrical objects, significantly influencedthe scores from pre- to post test.Manipulation, which was operationalised bygiving the learners a visual representation inwhich (concrete) geometrical objects could bemanipulated, yielded significant results frompost- to retention test. The results supportthe authors' view that guidance in combinationwith the possibility to manipulate objects in adomain, support the acquisition of knowledgeand skills in that domain. Guidance leads tothe students seeing all situations that arerelevant for the development of new knowledge,which has a positive effect directly afterinstruction. The possibility to manipulateleads to the students playing around in such away that they (systematically) experience theresults of their actions by the feedback given,having an effect after two weeks ofnon-instruction.     

Professional judgement and decision-making in adventure sports coaching: the role of interaction

This qualitative study presents the view that coaching practice places demands on the coach’s adaptability and flexibility. These requirements for being adaptive and flexible are met through a careful process of professional judgement and decision-making based on context-appropriate bodies of knowledge. Adventure sports coaches were selected for study on the basis that adventure sports create a hyper-dynamic environment in which these features can be examined. Thematic analysis revealed that coaches were generally well informed and practised with respect to the technical aspects of their sporting disciplines. Less positively, however, they often relied on ad hoc contextualisation of generalised theories of coaching practice to respond to the hyper-dynamic environments encountered in adventure sports. We propose that coaching practice reflects the demands of the environment, individual learning needs of the students and the task at hand. Together, these factors outwardly resemble a constraints-led approach but, we suggest, actually reflect manipulation of these parameters from a cognitive rather than an ecological perspective. This process is facilitated by a refined judgement and decision-making process, sophisticated epistemology and an explicit interaction of coaching components.