森林生态补偿对农户生计资本影响的实证研究——以闽江源流域为例

根据DFID的可持续生计分析框架,设计了闽江源流域农户生计资本指标,实地调查了13个村260个农户,结果表明：闽江源流域周边农户的生计总资本增加,人力资本、物质资本和金融资本增加,自然资本减少,社会资本变化不明显;农户对自然资本依赖性较高,现有的补偿方式对农户生计能力的提高帮助不大。只有建立多样化、差别化的森林生态补偿方式和配套政策,才能有效提高农户的生计资本能力,保护环境,促进生态公益林的可持续发展。     

基于 GML 的多源异构数据交换技术研究

以滇池（湖泊）流域生态建设与生态文化数字化信息系统开发为背景,在研究多源异构数据交换关键技术的基础上,利用标准的 GML 数据格式对 SHP 和 MIF 两种不同格式的空间数据进行集成应用,解决了传统地理信息系统存在交互性差的问题,从而实现对空间数据的互操作。实验验证表明,GML 空间数据格式能准确表达两种异构数据的集成结果,从而确定 MIF 和 SHP 两种数据格式成功集成到 GML 框架。     

重庆四面山常绿阔叶林群落的排序与环境解释

本文通过对重庆四面山常绿阔叶林群落的ＮＭＤＳ排序，研究了该区植物群落分布与环境之间的相互关系，并应用植物群落的排序值与环境因子的多元回归分析给出了植物群落类型与生态梯度的定量环境解释。结果表明：ＮＭＤＳ排序较好地反映了植物群落与环境的变异。四面山常绿阔叶林群落类型及分布主要取决于海拔高度和土壤含水量，并可通过与环境参数的回归模型定量地确定。     

生态文明：城市休闲体育发展的必然选择

“美丽中国”战略目标的实现离不开“美丽城市”的建设。生态文明是实现美丽城市更新建设的保证者,而美丽城市的建设是落实生态文明的重要举措,两者互动发展、共同促进。城市休闲体育的蓬勃开展离不开生态文明的推动与滋养,生态文明建设是休闲体育发展的至高境界,为城市休闲体育发展提供了外在环境和内部动力。城市休闲体育通过亲近自然、绿色消费、健身怡情、协调“三生”等实际行动,起到了推动人居环境改善、拉动低碳经济增长、实现生命价值延展和促进城市休闲功能提升的作用,是生态文明建设的最佳践行手段。     

庄子摆脱社会之困的方法论探讨及其生态解读

庄子认为,人的一生都面临着命运、社会、自我以及环境等因素带来的难以摆脱的困境。其中,社会之困主要是指时势、儒家仁义等对人的限制或束缚。庄子对时势之困采取了安时处顺、无为而治的消解方法,对仁义之困采取了法天贵真、掊击圣人、以道释儒的化解策略。在庄子所采取的摆脱社会困境的种种策略和方法中所贯穿的都是顺物自然的生态学原则。     

The dynamic control ratio at the equilibrium point (DCRe): introducing relative and absolute reliability scores

Analytical methods to assess thigh muscle balance need to provide reliable data to allow meaningful interpretation. However, reproducibility of the dynamic control ratio at the equilibrium point has not been evaluated yet. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare relative and absolute reliability indices of its angle and moment values with conventional and functional hamstring–quadriceps ratios. Furthermore, effects of familiarisation and angular velocity on reproducibility were analysed. A number of 33 male volunteers participated in 3 identical test sessions. Peak moments (PMs) were determined unilaterally during maximum concentric and eccentric knee flexion (prone) and extension (supine position) at 0.53, 1.57 and 2.62 rad · s^–1. A repeated measure, ANOVA, confirmed systematic bias. Intra-class correlation coefficients and standard errors of measurement indicated relative and absolute reliability. Correlation coefficients were averaged over respective factors and tested for significant differences. All balance scores showed comparable low-to-moderate relative (<0.8–0.9) and good absolute reliability (<10%). Relative reproducibility of dynamic control equilibrium parameters augmented with increasing angular velocity, but not with familiarisation. At 2.62 rad · s^–1, high (moment: 0.906) to moderate (angle: 0.833) relative reliability scores with accordingly high absolute indices (4.9% and 6.4%) became apparent. Thus, the dynamic control equilibrium is an equivalent method for the reliable assessment of thigh muscle balance.     

A scale-based approach to interdisciplinary research and expertise in sports

After more than 20 years since the introduction of ecological and dynamical approaches in sports research, their promising opportunity for interdisciplinary research has not been fulfilled yet. The complexity of the research process and the theoretical and empirical difficulties associated with an integrated ecological-dynamical approach have been the major factors hindering the generalisation of interdisciplinary projects in sports sciences. To facilitate this generalisation, we integrate the major concepts from the ecological and dynamical approaches to study behaviour as a multi-scale process. Our integration gravitates around the distinction between functional (ecological) and execution (organic) scales, and their reciprocal intra- and inter-scale constraints. We propose an (epistemological) scale-based definition of constraints that accounts for the concept of synergies as emergent coordinative structures. To illustrate how we can operationalise the notion of multi-scale synergies we use an interdisciplinary model of locomotor pointing. To conclude, we show the value of this approach for interdisciplinary research in sport sciences, as we discuss two examples of task-specific dimensionality reduction techniques in the context of an ongoing project that aims to unveil the determinants of expertise in basketball free throw shooting. These techniques provide relevant empirical evidence to help bootstrap the challenging modelling efforts required in sport sciences.     

中华龙舟文化演变的生态适应论绎

摘要：主要采用文献资料法和历史研究法,以跨学科的视野阐释和分析中华龙舟文化在不同历史时期的变化,从生态适应的角度,纵向梳理了中华龙舟文化的发展历程,认为中华龙舟文化的起源、演变及传承等整个发展过程均是生态适应的结果。主要从自然生态、社会生态和文化生态3个维度,分析讨论了中华龙舟文化演变过程中的生态适应问题。研究认为：自然生态促进了中华龙舟文化区域性的演成,并赋予其地域性特征;社会生态促使中华龙舟文化服务于政治需要、社会教化和社会整合;而文化生态促进了中华龙舟文化与他文化的横向交流和融合。同时还认为,面对自然生态、社会生态和文化生态的不断变化,当前及今后的中华龙舟文化都会通过不断的自我调适来适应所处生态的变化。一定程度上有助于加深对中华龙舟文化发展问题的理解和认识,进一步拓展民族传统体育文化研究的视野。     

核心力量对维持网球选手“动态平衡”能力的分析

随着网球选手的击球更快更重,网球的比赛节奏也越来越快。比赛中选手们已经不仅仅是在比拼击球的质量,更是要比拼高强度的节奏中的稳定性,甚至是在被动,受迫情况下的回球成功率。要想拥有稳定的击球,就需要发展选手的体能与控制身体的能力。因此,训练选手在快速移动中的稳定平衡能力已经成为了当今网球研究的重要内容。通过对发展核心力量理论叙述以及对照分析在稳定和受迫情况下的击球形式来阐述发展核心力量对保证选手在快速移动中的动态平衡能力的重要性,为网球训练提供参考。     

活性钙预防运动员训练比赛中强直性肌肉抽搐的研究──附8例临床报道

运动员在训练比赛中常发生强直性肌肉抽搐,这种现象可能与血浆中［Ｃａ２＋］下降有关。针对其采用活性钙混悬液口服法快速补充［Ｃａ２＋］,预防了大运动量训练和比赛时肌肉抽搐的发生。