认知心理学两种研究范式的争论与反思

符号加工和联结主义是认知心理学的两种研究范式,二者在认知心理学内部产生了一系列的争论。在一般 认知问题上的争论主要表现在语义理解、心理表征以及一些具体的认知问题上;在方法论问题上的区别主要表现在是 结构模拟、黑箱方法、还原主义还是结构与功能模拟、灰箱方法和整体主义上。两种范式争论的本质问题是究竟哪种 范式更加符合认知过程的本质。联结主义范式似有取代符号加工范式的趋势,但它也不能完全揭示人类的高级认知功 能,因此出现了行为主义的进化论研究范式。     

硇洲岛沿海腹足类的种类组成和生态分布

本文报道了广东湛江硇洲岛沿海的腹足类软体动物１１４种，隶属于６８属４２科；介绍了硇洲岛的自然环境及潮汐；对腹足类的种类组成、生态分布、优势种和区系特点等进行了分析．     

歌唱心理学在声乐教学中的运用

在声乐艺术中，自始至终贯穿着复杂的心理活动，本从歌唱心理学的相关角度，重点阐释了歌唱心理学在声音教学中的运用。     

西方人文心理学的知识形态与核心理念

西方心理学中的人文传统和形态非常丰富,早期有布伦塔诺的意动心理学、狄尔泰的人文心理学思想、弗洛伊德的精神分析以及随后的人本主义心理学、现象学心理学等,尽管形式各异,但核心精神上,它们都试图从人的本质和要求出发,以适合于人之为人的心理现象的概念、原则和方法发展心理学,试图真实、全面、细致地分析和描述生活中的具体心理体验,把握心理学个案中心理的结构和意义,实现对独特个体的心理意义和价值的敏锐理解。     

Education,Welfare Reform and Psychological Well-Being: A Critical Psychology Perspective

There are established links between education and well-being, and between poverty and education. This article draws on interviews with parents of school-aged children impacted by a policy in the UK commonly referred to as the ‘bedroom tax’. A critical psychology perspective to education is put forward, acknowledging the complex interrelationships between psychological well-being, sociopolitical factors and education.     

Key Concepts From Health Promotion Evaluations: What Psychology Needs to Know

Competing perspectives and debates about the meaning of health promotion and the best ways to evaluate the effectiveness of initiatives that focus on enhancing wellness pervade the literature. Given the emergence of health promotion, the impetus for outcomes-based practice in psychology, and the push for evidence-based care in the health system (Thorogood & Coombes, 2000), demonstrations of value and effectiveness are fundamental to the sustainability of mental health promotion activities. Psychology (and counseling as a sub-set field) needs to place itself as a profession vital to the sustainability of wellness initiatives. This paper proposes that psychologists’ awareness and understanding of six key concepts from health promotion evaluation are essential for advancing psychology as a profession and enhancing applied practice for wellness initiatives. The key concepts include: formative, process and outcome evaluations, the qualitative/quantitative debate, the ecological nature, the participatory approach, the focus on community and the underlying philosophies of empowerment and utilization. The use of key concepts from health promotion evaluation strategies support psychologists to a) deal with issues of major public health importance and b) collaborate with other disciplines for the benefit of the public (Sartorius, 1999). Finally, this paper makes recommendations to secure psychology’s place as a vital contributor to future research directions in health promotion, in part because of adherence to the scientist-practitioner model.Whilst Psychology is the generic term used here to represent the broad field, counseling as a sub-set in the discipline is particularly relevant for the ideas and issues discussed. Rather than adding the sub-set qualifier each time the broad field is referred to, the reader in this context is encouraged to hold this perspective of the place of counseling in regard to psychology as they work through the materials presented.     

论青少年教育的"危险期"与"关键期"

青少年时期的生理和心理均处于急骤的发展变化中，但这种发展又是不平衡的，从而引发了一系列矛盾反映。因此，教育工作需要高度重视这一时期的教育。要运用科学的方法加强其理想和道德教育，广泛开展有利于其健康发展的活动，进行生理卫生教育，使其顺利成长。     

论明代商人对皇木的采办

皇木采办是明代社会的重要内容，商人是明代皇木采办的重要力量。商人对皇木的采办开始于正德年间。商办采木出现的主要原因有补救官办采木的弊端，繁荣的市场为商办采木准备了市场条件等。商人从官府领取一定的经费后自行招募人力，进行采办。采木过程包括勘查和砍伐。由于采木地区的恶劣条件以及商办采木本身的弊端使得商办采木没有完全达到预期目的。商办采木实质上是一种加于商人的封建徭役。它给当时的社会和生态环境都带来了危害。     

潘光旦《冯小青：一件影恋之研究》的文学批评学意义

潘光旦用精神分析理论的模型对明末冯小青影恋性心理的分析,超越了传统文学批评"以心见心"的思路,使中国古代社会女性心灵被摧残、扭曲的状况,获得了有深度的个案分析,也为当代中国文学批评学的理论建设提供了历史的参照和有益的启示:文学批评的人文意义不可忽视;科学性是古代批评现代转换的关键;西方理论本土化必须以理论范式与阐释对象的对应为前提。     

人本主义心理学的教育理念

马斯洛人本主义心理学的教育理念表现了培养“崭新的人”的教育目的、因人而异的教育方式、以情感为主旨的教育导向。在当前教育改革中借鉴这些教育理念时应注意它所存在的问题。