Mapping out the ICT integration terrain in the school context: identifying the challenges in an innovative project

This article discusses the research findings from the start-up phase of an innovative information and communication technology (ICT) project focused on ICT integration as a complex process involving many factors such as leadership, school readiness and organisational culture. Known locally as Hermes, the project's core objective was to provide an improved and ‘trouble-free’ ICT infrastructure for schools using thin client technology and a wireless broadband network, which would be managed centrally rather than locally. It was anticipated that this solution would help remove the barriers associated with ICT integration caused by technical issues. Based on an in-depth study of innovation adoption in eight schools involving a survey (n=119 teachers) and interviews (n=60 teachers), the study portrays a picture of the ICT integration patterns prior to and during the Hermes intervention in terms of schools' ICT readiness, leadership and vision. This small scale study can help us understand first- and second-order barriers to ICT integration in schools. In particular, this study informs us about the ecology of schools and ICT-based innovation, innovation scalability and contributes to a critical study of educational technology via a context-rich account of how educational technology is actually being mediated, rather than an idealised account of how technology could be used.     

太湖地区竹林生态系统土壤硝态氮的分布特征——以浙江省安吉县为例

为充分认识竹林生态系统在太湖流域水污染防治中的作用,于2009年7月-8月在浙江省安吉县对竹林土壤的硝态氮（NO-3-N）含量进行采样分析,并探讨了植被类型、地形条件等因素对土壤NO-3-N的影响。结果表明：①各采样点内,随土壤深度的增加,竹林土壤NO-3-N含量降低;②毛竹林0～30cm土壤层NO-3-N含量高于红笋竹林,而30～50cm土壤层则相反,但差异不显著;③林下植被为草灌结构的样点土壤NO-3-N含量高于林下植被为草丛结构的样点,这种差异在30～50cm上显著;④不同植被高度的土壤NO-3-N含量差异在0～10cm深度上达到显著水平;⑤土壤NO-3-N含量随海拔升高呈＂先下降后上升＂趋势,高海拔地区0～10cm土壤层的NO-3-N含量高于低海拔地区,10～30cm与低海拔地区相近,而30～50cm则小于低海拔地区;⑥位于陡坡的0～30cm土壤层NO-3-N含量均高于缓坡,而30～50cm土壤层则相反。综上分析,笔者认为竹林不同深度土壤NO-3-N的含量与植被状况、地形特点有密切关系。由于植被类型、覆盖度、枯落物以及地形条件的差异,影响了土壤水分获取及水分再分配进程,进而影响了土壤中NO-3-N的迁移和累积过程。     

竞争情报系统构建的知识生态学视角

知识生态系统是知识主体及其环境组成的相互作用、相互影响的综合体。竞争情报系统除了一般系统和复杂性系统的特征之外,它还具有元系统、覆盖网、虚拟性、适应性和以人的思维为主导等特性。试图从知识生态系统角度来探讨竞争情报系统构建问题。竞争情报系统的构建主要工作不在于开发基于信息通信技术的系统或网络,而关键是情报工作者的组织、人际情报网络的创建以及人主机辅的竞争情报系统的架构。     

海洋生态系统多样性研究

海洋生态系统（Marine ecosystem）是海洋中由生物群落及其环境相互作用所构成的多样化的自然系统。文章介绍了海洋生态系统多样性的国内外研究进展,结合我国在该领域存在的问题,提出了近期海洋生态系统多样性的研究重点,以期更好地服务于我国海洋发展战略,为海洋环境保护与海洋生物产业的持续发展提供科学依据。     

企业信息生态系统的评价研究

企业信息生态系统评价的主体是该系统的组成要素,运用生态学的理论对企业信息生态系统的特征及组成要素进行分析,建立评价模型,根据模型选取评价指标并建立反映企业信息生态系统健康程度的评价指标体系,既有利于企业的决策和管理,又能促进企业信息生态系统的健康、可持续发展,最终实现企业的经济效益。     

Dynamic and integrative capabilities for profiting from innovation in digital platform-based ecosystems

For firms at the center of platform-based ecosystems, Teece (2018) argues that dynamic capabilities can enable the firms to create and capture value by building ecosystems and designing appropriate business models. In line with the original Profiting From Innovation (PFI) framework, Teece (2018) also argues that complementary asset providers may be able to capture substantial value. Here we provide a theoretical analysis that explains the ways in which dynamic capabilities underpin not only value creation but also value capture by platform leaders. We propose that three types of dynamic capabilities at a minimum are critical for platform leaders: innovation capabilities, environmental scanning and sensing capabilities, and integrative capabilities for ecosystem orchestration. We further argue that integrative capabilities play a key role in improving the ability of platform leaders to capture value.     

矿产资源密集型区域生态创新系统驱动机制研究

协调好经济发展与生态保护之间的矛盾是实现我国矿产资源密集型区域可持续发展的重要战略,而优化矿产资源密集型区域生态创新系统是解决这一矛盾的关键。从影响生态创新系统的驱动因素出发,构建驱动机制框架图,根据"驱动因素驱动机制生态创新绩效"的研究思路,探讨内、外驱动机制以及两种机制的协同。通过案例研究,分析湖北省大冶地区生态创新系统驱动机制形成的过程,最后提出"五维"的生态创新系统新模式。     

An agentive focus may limit learning about complex causality and systems dynamics: A study of seventh graders' explanations of ecosystems

Agent-oriented pedagogies have been used in teaching concepts related to complex systems dynamics. However, little research has systematically explored the role of a strong agency-oriented focus on understanding of complex, dynamic ecological systems. This study analyzed seventh graders' (n = 216) explanations of a complex ecological scenario. The findings show that students were more likely to generate agentive than nonagentive explanations and students who adopted an agentive framing were least likely to understand the complex causal dynamics of two environmental scenarios, eutrophication in a pond and acid rain in a forest. Furthermore, students' initial inclination toward agency-oriented explanation on the assessment was predictive of their performance on a postassessment following an instructional opportunity to learn about ecosystems dynamics; a strong agency orientation corresponded to less complex interpretations of the dynamics of the ecosystems. The results suggest that a strongly agentive perspective may limit students' ability to learn complex systems dynamics and that the pedagogical advantages of agent-based approaches may not be without limitations.     

Entrepreneurial innovation: The importance of context

The purpose of this article and the special issue is to improve our understanding of the theoretical, managerial, and policy implications of entrepreneurial innovation. We accomplish this objective by examining the role of context in stimulating such activity, as well as its impact on the outcomes of entrepreneurial innovation. Our analysis begins by outlining an overarching framework for entrepreneurial innovation and context. With reference to this framework we then compare the attributes of national innovation systems, entrepreneurship and entrepreneurial innovation, and categorize contextual influences on entrepreneurial innovation. We then situate the papers presented in this special issue within this framework. We conclude by outlining an agenda for additional research on this topic, focusing on the relationships between contexts and entrepreneurial innovation and then discuss policy implications, focusing on how public and private actors can meet these challenges.     

西部干旱地区水问题的系统反思

作者对西部干旱地区＂四河四域＂（黄河宁蒙段、石羊河、黑河、塔里木河）的水问题进行了调研,涉及其上中下游的历史背景与现状,包括水资源、水灾害、水生态、水污染;水工程、节水技术、水景观;水制度、水经济、水伦理、水美学,认为：西部干旱地区水问题主要不是自然原因,而是人类因素造成的。根据＂生态水利＂观,就广义＂水资源＂概念,自然生态用水定额,干旱地区的经济结构和城镇建设模式,恢复、保护和创造性利用内陆河下游自然生态系统,节水行动和技术的新方向,与干旱地区自然环境和生态特点相适应的水利工程,完备水制度以及人工调水等8个方面,提出了建议。