两种方式的健步走对边缘性血脂升高的中年男性血脂及肺通气功能的研究

摘要：目的：探讨2种方式的健步走对边缘性血脂升高中年男性脑力劳动者血脂及肺功能的影响。方法：选取西安市3所高校从事脑力劳动的科研工作者,筛选出符合（血脂水平分层标准）边缘性血脂升高标准的受试者48人,随机分成匀速组和变速组各24人,实施为期12周的健步走。2组采用的运动强度为,匀速组在第二和第三个10～15 min以60﹪～70﹪HRmax为主,变速组以60﹪～70﹪HRmax和70﹪～80﹪HRmax为主,每周4次,每次40～60 min。重点监测受试者运动前、运动4周、运动12周的血脂六项（TC、TG、HDL-C、LDL-C、Apoa1/Apob）和肺通气功能指标（VC、FVC、FEV1/FVC﹪、MVV、VC/Kg）。结果：1）与运动前比较,运动6周,匀速组血脂及肺通气功能各指标无显著性变化（p>0.05）;变速组TC显著降低（p＜0.05）,FEV1/FVC﹪、MVV、VC/Kg显著升高（p＜0.05）。运动12周,匀速组TC、TG显著降低（p＜0.05）,FEV1/FVC﹪、MVV、VC/Kg显著增高（p＜0.05）;变速组血脂各指标（除Apoa1/Apob外）和肺功能指标（除FVC外）均有显著差异（p＜0.01或p＜0.05）。2）组间比较：运动6周,两组血脂与肺功能各指标无显著性差异（p>0.05）。运动12周,具有显著性差异（p＜0.05）的指标为HDL-C、LDL-C、MVV。3)在不同的运动周期,血脂和肺功能指标的变化幅度均有显著性变化,运动12周明显优于运动6周,变速组变化幅度优于匀速组。结论：1)匀速健步走运动12周,具有明显的调脂效果和提高肺通气功能;变速健步走运动6周,对血脂异常和肺通气功能有显著的改善。运动12周,调脂效果非常显著基本回归正常范围,肺功能显著提高。2)2种方式的健步走,强度较高的变速运动对血脂异常的调脂效果和肺通气功能的提高显著优于匀速运动。     

新形势下高职生择业观现状调查及教育对策研究——以安徽国防科技职业学院机电一体化专业为例

通过对安徽国防科技职业学院机电一体化专业学生的择业观和就业意向进行持续性调查和深入分析,剖析高职学生择业观教育过程中的影响因素及存在的问题,并从教育环境、教育机制、教育评价机制等方面提出解决对策,以期引导大学生树立正确的择业观。     

高等体育教育供给侧结构性改革的发展理念与策略研究

围绕为什么进行高等体育教育供给侧结构性改革,契合"适应和引领新常态发展的重大创新,适应我国新常态发展的必然要求"这一理论问题,从供给侧结构性改革的导向、目标和内容等方面就如何实施高等体育教育的供给侧结构性改革提出发展理念,继而在教育活动主体结构、教育场域结构和教育创新层次结构等方面对高等体育教育的结构性改革进行策略研究,以期有效改善存在于我国高等体育教育中的结构性问题。     

Experiences of teacher evaluation systems on high school physical education programs

Primary objective: Teacher evaluation is being revamped by policy-makers. The marginalized status of physical education has protected this subject area from reform for many decades, but in our current era of system-wide, data-based decision-making, physical education is no longer immune. Standardized and local testing, together with structured observation measures, are swiftly being mandated in the USA as required elements of teacher evaluation systems in an effort to improve school programs and student achievement. The purpose of this investigation was to document how this reform was initiated and the experiences of teachers, students and administrators, from three high school physical education programs, during initiation of this reform. Documenting how physical education programs respond to such reforms develops our understanding of top-down reform efforts and helps to identify conditions under which such reforms have the intended effect on physical education teachers and student learning in physical education.

Theoretical framework: Fullan’s three phases of school change has been used to analyze and guide school change efforts in several subject areas including physical education. The phases are initiation, implementation and institutionalization. This study is situated primarily within the first phase of school change, the initiation phase.

Methods and procedures: This study took place over a 21-month period in 3 suburban school districts in a northeast metropolitan area of the USA. Interviews with district physical education administrators, high school physical education teachers and students were conducted. Field notes of physical education classes, informal interviews and related artifacts including pre- and post-physical education assessments were collected. To ensure trustworthiness, several steps were taken including member checks, triangulation and peer review. The data were analyzed to find common themes and patterns using the constant comparative method.

Results: Several themes emerged: (1) changes in curriculum and assessment; (2) effect on administrators; (3) stakeholder apathy and (4) department collaboration.

Conclusion: Changes, although minor, did take place in the wake of this top-down teacher reform; however, additional research needs to be completed to determine whether or not these changes are meaningful or long lasting.     

The influence of race length on arterial compliance following an ultra-endurance marathon

There is inconclusive evidence concerning the effects of routine participation in ultra-endurance events on cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. Arterial compliance is a reliable, non-invasive, and effective tool for evaluating CVD risk. The purpose of this research was to examine if race length influences acute changes in arterial compliance following an ultra-marathon event. A total of 46 ultra-marathon runners were recruited including 21 participants (39.8?±?8.3?years, 6 females) in the 80-km event and 25 participants (43.7?±?9.8?years, 3 female) in the 195-km event. Arterial compliance was measured via radial applanation tonometry (CR-2000, HDI) for diastolic pulse contour analysis before and following the race. Significant between-group differences were found for changes in large arterial compliance with a decrease (increase in stiffness) following the 195-km event and an increase following the 80-kilometre event (p?<?.05). Longer race lengths are associated with greater reductions in large arterial compliance following recreational ultra-marathon running. Assessment of arterial compliance might be a useful prognostic tool to assess the long-term risk of CVD among ultra-marathon runners.     

Role of objectively measured sedentary behaviour in physical performance,frailty and mortality among older adults: A short systematic review

Sedentary behaviour (SB) has recently emerged as an independent risk factor for different health outcomes. Older adults accumulate long time in SB. Understanding the role that SB plays on health is crucial for a successful aging. This short systematic review summarizes the current evidence related to the effects of objectively measured SB on frailty, physical performance and mortality in adults ≥60?years old. The literature search produced 271 records for physical performance (n?=?119), frailty (n?=?31), and mortality (n?=?121). Finally, only 13 articles fulfilled the inclusion criteria and were included in this review. All articles but one included in the physical performance section (n?=?9) showed a negative association between longer time spent in SB and physical performance. A significant association of SB with higher odds of frailty was found, however this association disappeared after adjusting for cognitive status. Lastly, two of the three included studies showed positive associations between SB and mortality, but this effect decreased or even disappeared in the more adjusted models. In conclusion, there is consistency that SB is negatively associated with physical performance. However, the relationship between objectively measured SB and frailty incidence and mortality rates remains unclear and deserves further research. The use of homogenous criteria to assess SB and the inclusion of more robust research designs will help clarifying the independent effects that SB could have on physical performance, frailty, and mortality. This will ultimately help designing more efficient and comprehensive physical activity guidelines for older adults.     

Editorial statement

Grounded in the interdisciplinary educational work of Cultural Studies, this paper examines the pedagogical potentials of narrative and performance for the teaching of writing as a mode of public discourse. Guided to address a wide readership, students engage in critical communication aimed at linking self inquiry and narrative discourse to the contextual analysis of the social. Drawing on research findings derived from the undergraduate teaching of cultural criticism as a genre of public writing at Lingnan University, Hong Kong, we look at how educational drama mediates the work of narrative and performative acts involving the young learner-writers and contributes to the shaping of a dialogic mode of address and communication, thus articulating the process and impact of writing to the public-oriented discourse in Cultural Studies education. In light of such acts in critical discourse and imagination targeted at the potential reader, we show how the young writers' own engagement with critical thinking and communication are opened up by drama-in-education adopted in the class, and argue how, in this sense, both writing and its learning process become effective stages in the making of the kind of cultural criticism we want to help students to learn.     

当今农业、农村环境新变化、新难题及治理对策研究*--重庆案例

重庆市农业、农村环境治理和保护,是推进生态文明建设,实现绿色发展、共享发展的重要环节,是建设长江上游生态屏障的面域支撑。重庆市未来时期农业、农村环境治理及保护形势较为严峻。根据重庆基本市情特征,农村发展态势对环境治理和保护带来的新的压力和威胁,以及未来面临的机遇及挑战。“十三五”期间,重庆市农业、农村环境治理和保护的总体思路是：共享为本,生态积累;乡城联动,全程渗透;创新驱动,多元集成。要着力构建产权清晰、多元参与、激励约束并重、系统完整的生态文明制度体系。     

房地产税可以充当中国地方税主体税种吗？*--兼论房地产税多重职能的定位

通常认为,缩小财富分配差距、充当地方税主体税种、平抑房价是房地产税被赋予的职能。利用CHNS家户调查微观数据估算不同税率水平下房地产税的收入规模,结果表明现有税率下房地产税收入规模无力充当我国地方税主体税种。采用2004—2013年全国省级面板数据的GMM回归结果显示,地方政府房地产税收收入的提高不会抑制房价,反而将会促使地方政府从“经营企业”向“经营城市”转变,通过大力发展房地产业来获取更多的财政利益。因此,房地产税无论是在现实规模充分性上还是在逻辑合理性上都无法成为我国地方税主体税种,缩小财富分配差距的公平职能才是其唯一的核心职能。因此,应构建征收偏向于高收入群体和高档住宅的房地产税制,并控制房地产税在地方税中所占的比例。     

浅谈周期函数的概念

针对中学、中专、大学以及前苏联教科书上对周期函数概念的不同定义而进行了分析比较,并给出了10点说明来加以理解周期函数的概念。