心理学视域下校园欺凌的形成机理及对策

校园欺凌是国内外中小学中普遍存在的现象,从心理学角度考察其成因、探索相应干预措施有着重要意义。有关欺凌事件直接参与者的研究表明:部分欺凌者存在一定程度的反社会行为或认知特征,欺凌行为也是青春期个体获取、维护社会支配地位的一种手段;某些"另类"特征、情绪和社会交往问题会让儿童青少年成为易受欺凌的对象;欺凌和受欺凌都可能导致个体情绪、行为等方面的适应障碍,其不良影响甚至会延续相当长的时间;欺凌-受欺凌者是最不稳定的一类角色,兼具欺凌者与受欺凌者两者的缺点,适应状况通常最差。班级内的同伴生态、旁观者的行为和朋友关系都会影响欺凌事件的发生几率及所导致的后果。某些家庭和父母特征也是与欺凌行为联系密切的危险性或保护性因素。积极的师生关系有助于减少欺凌事件的发生,也能对其后果起到缓冲作用。但缺乏培训的父母和教师,通常无法及时准确地识别欺凌事件并做出有效应对。当前教育实践中,可以有效防控校园欺凌的措施大致可以划分为两类;一是面向特定相关群体的单水平干预,二是要求学生、家长、教职员工等都要参与其中的多水平干预。     

谈企业核心竞争力的管理

企业核心竞争力是企业获取竞争优势的来源和基础,加强对企业核心竞争力的管理并不断提升企业核心竞争力,就能使企业长期保持自己的优势。     

Social Work Intervention with White Collared Employees and Their Families

This investigation presents a framework for understanding and also to test the efficacy of Social Work intervention on the well being of the white collared employee (industrial employee) and his/her family. A comprehensive and intensive personal- family exploration was done to uncover the relatedness of seemingly disparate areas of the clients lives. A total of 80 executives (industrial employees) served as subjects. A baseline assessment was done using structured, standardized interview-schedules/questionnaires. The results of the study can be enumerated as follows: After the Social Work intervention, the executives in occupational profile, there were significant changes in Role perception, overload, role conflict, low status and poor peer relations. In coping strategies there was significant improvement in sub-scales like problem solving and unproductive coping. Significant reduction was noticed in their proneness to heart disease, depression, inadequate mental mastery, and perceived ill health. There was significant improvement in their family group support, and in their expressiveness, achievement, orientation, active-recreational and organizational characteristics.     

“有效教学”研究的价值

教育改革的核心环节是课程改革,课程改革的核心环节是课堂教学,课堂教学的核心环节是教师的专业发展。"有效教学"的理论与实践的研究,集中地体现了这个改革逻辑,它冲破了旧的教学法研究的束缚,立足于新的教学研究的视点。"有效教学"是寻求教学效益的活动,是转型教学规范的活动,是关注学生成功的活动。     

泛函分析框架下论"有效前沿"的存在

文章应用泛函分析理论,构造了随机向量希尔伯特空间,在一定的理论准备下,论证了马科维茨组合选择理论中"有效前沿"的存在.     

论语篇能力培养的途径

本阐述在学生不完全具备语篇能力的情况下，不能过早地进行以语篇理解为主的教学法，必须先加强从句到篇的过渡性训练，进行误篇能力的培养，从而获得语篇能力。本从四个方面入手，来探讨在精读教学中获取语篇能力的培养方法。     

弱智学生合作与分享行为的干预实验研究

从北京市西城区培智中心学校抽取了两个班学生(实验班6人,对照班9人)作为被试,进行了为期三周的合作与分享行为的干预实验。实验结果表明:(1)“行为示范与讲解———角色扮演及相关活动———适宜行为的及时强化———行为迁移训练”的干预模式对弱智学生合作行为的干预效果显著;(2)该模式短期内对弱智学生分享行为的干预效果不显著;(3)弱智学生的合作与分享行为之间存在显著的相关。     

马克思的有效供给理论研究

马克思的有效供给理论的主要观点包括有效供给的含义、社会总产品的有效供给、出口产品的有效供给、有效供给决定和创造需求、有效供求均衡及其实现、有效供求失衡及其宏观(社会)控制等6个方面。挖掘、总结马克思的有效供给理论对增大我国的有效供给，保持经济的持续、快速、健康发展具有重要的意义。     

Mitigating the Effects of Poverty and Crime: the Long-Term Effects of an Early Intervention Programme for Children who were Developmentally Delayed and Prenatally Exposed to Cocaine

This study explores the long-term impact on participation in the Linda Ray Intervention Program (LRIP) for children (n = 54) who were developmentally delayed and prenatally exposed to cocaine. By identifying a group of programme graduates from a high crime/high poverty neighbourhood in Miami-Dade County using ArcGIS 10.2 software, a quasi-experimental design was used to compare children living in this area who participated in the centre-based modality (5 h a day; 5 days a week) to children living in this area who participated in the home-based modality (3 h per week) on their Florida Comprehensive Assessment Test (FCAT) reading and math scale scores in public school. The children who participated in the centre-based modality reported stronger outcomes in both math and reading FCAT scale scores at the p < .05 level and also out-performed their school-age peers on both math and reading FCAT scores at the p < .05 level.     

学生自主学习能力培养中师生自主性的再认识

自主学习能力的提高已成为绝大多数学生的迫切需要,这个过程需要教师的积极参与。学生自主在很大程度上取决于教师自主,自主学习能力的培养首先要关注教师的自主性,具体体现在观念和实践两个层面。学习建构的主体在于学习者自身,所以自主学习能力的培养也要关注学生自身的自主性。而要真正提高学生的自主学习能力,从师生自主性的任一方面来施...