不同运动方式对更年期女性身心健康的影响

摘要：目的：探讨不同的运动方式干预对更年期女性体内激素水平、自由基代谢和心理健康的影响效应,旨在为改善和提高更年期女性的生活质量提供参考。方法：随机选取符合纳入标准的更年期女性受试者,依据不同运动方式分为4组,即对照组(CG)24人、有氧运动组(AG)27人、抗阻运动组(RG)27人、健身气功组(QG)27人,实施24周的运动干预,在实验前、中、后分别对相关激素和自由基代谢酶水平进行测量和统计分析,并进行更年期症状与心理状态评估。结果：24周后,AG和RG的血清E2、SOD和CAT值增加幅度,FSH、MDA、XOD值以及Kupperman、SAS和SDS评分降低幅度均明显高于QG和CG。结论：24周中等强度的有氧运动和抗阻运动与低强度的健身气功相比,更有助于改善更年期女性体内的雌激素和自由基代谢水平,缓解心理焦虑、抑郁等更年期不适症状。     

全身振动介入抗阻力训练对能量消耗的影响研究

探讨全身性振动介入抗阻力训练对能量消耗的影响,为体重控制及健身减肥者制定有效的运动处方提供依据。方法：以我院体育教育专业健康男性为对象,利用气体代谢分析仪及心率表对"振动介入+抗阻力训练"（实验组,Resistance exercise+Vibration,REV）及单纯"抗阻力训练"（对照组,Resistance exercise, RE）模式下的摄氧及能量消耗等指标进行监测,并运用SPSS17.0对相关指标进行统计分析。结果：1）REV组在训练中及训练后0-25分、25-50分的总每分钟能量消耗及每分钟最大摄氧显著高于RE组;2）抗阻力训练结束后相当长的时间内以脂肪消耗供能为主,表现为REV组脂肪供能比例明显高于RE组;3）抗阻力训练能显著提升训练中呼吸交换率及换气量,表现为REV组提升率高于RE组。结论：全身性振动介入抗阻力训练可比单纯抗阻力增加更多能量消耗,且在训练后恢复期能提升脂肪供能比例,故控体重运动员及健身减肥者将振动作为辅助训练手段是非常有效的。     

体育课堂运动干预对女大学生体质健康影响的实验研究

运用文献资料法、数理统计法、实验法,研究体育课堂运动干预对女大学生体质健康的影响,为高校的体育教学改革提供一定的理论依据.结果显示:体育课堂的运动干预对女大学生身体素质和身体机能的改善和提高效果明显.     

Intercultural education in physical education: results of a quasi-experimental intervention study with secondary school students

Background: Due to migration processes, cultural diversity and strangeness are becoming characteristics of modern society. The competence to handle this heterogeneity – the so-called intercultural competence – is a key competence for all children and youths. Sports and physical education (PE) are often considered as a particular field for enhancing intercultural competence. However, until now there is no theory-based empirical study that proves this assumption. Purpose: This study was designed to examine the effects of a standardised, theoretically driven programme in PE on the development of underlying cognitive concepts of intercultural competence: acculturation attitudes and attitudes towards cultural diversity. Research design: The research design consists of a quasi-experimental design with four measurement points. The intervention group (N?=?69; mean age?=?11.6 years (SD?=?0.60)) followed standardised and theory-driven intervention lessons following the didactical guidelines of the concept of ‘Intercultural Movement Education’ (IME). The developed games tend to trigger ‘crises’ with the aim to insecure students. These experienced insecurities were afterwards reflected upon with the students. The internal control group (N?=?63; mean age?=?11.8 years (SD?=?0.62)) and external control group (N?=?93; mean age?=?10.8 years (SD?=?0.69)) were taught in a unspecific manner. The impact of the intervention study programme was tested with a reliable and valid questionnaire. Results: A significant time by group interaction effect for the subscale ‘assimilation/segregation’ of acculturation attitudes was found in boys and in girls. The attitudes increased significantly after the intervention. For the girls, the intervention group showed also a significant decrease of the attitude ‘integration’. No significant impact of the intervention study on the attitudes towards cultural diversity could be identified either with boys or girls. Discussion: The effects of the study are ambivalent. The significantly increased assimilative attitudes can be interpreted as a need for a sense of security. This is also underlined by the decrease of the integration attitude that values the maintenance of cultural integrity. It must be critically discussed whether the ‘crises’ were too intense and not adapted to the children’s skills to overcome them. Second, we have to critically analyse whether the discussions with the students about their experiences were sufficiently focused to debrief the students. Summary for practitioners: The competence to handle heterogeneity – the so-called intercultural competence – is a key competence for children and youths. Sports and PE are often considered as a particular field for enhancing intercultural competence. However, until now there has been no theory-based empirical study that proves this assumption. This paper describes the development, implementation and evaluation of an intervention programme on intercultural learning in PE along the didactic guidelines of IME. This programme tries to trigger ‘crises’ that stimulate the students to react and think about their self- and world relations. The statistical analyses show that the ‘crises’ were probably too intense as the students’ scores in assimilation attitudes increased. This lead to the didactical reflection of the implementation of intercultural learning processes in PE.     

Effectiveness of physical education to promote motor competence in primary school children

Background: Motor skill (MS) competence is an important contributing factor for healthy development.

Purpose: The goal was to test the effectiveness of primary school physical education (PE) on MS and physical fitness (PF) development.

Methods: Three classes (n?=?60, aged 9.0?±?0.9) were randomly assigned to three diverse conditions during a school year: two PE lessons/week (PE-2), three PE lessons/week (PE-3), and no PE lessons control group (CG). BMI, skinfolds, PF (9-min run/walk, sit-up, modified pull-ups), gymnastics, soccer, handball, basketball and track-and-field skills were evaluated. Effect sizes (d) were reported as magnitude of change.

Results: Skinfolds significantly increased only in CG (d?=?1.21). PF composite z-scores improved in PE-3 (d?=?0.61), but decreased in PE-2 (d?=?0.57), and had no changes in CG. Statistically significant improvement was verified in gymnastics and handball skills in both experimental groups (gymnastic: d?=?2.95 and d?=?2.61 for PE-3 and PE-2, respectively; handball: d?=?1.87 and d?=?0.57 for PE-3 and PE-2, respectively), and no changes were seen in CG. In soccer, there were improvements only in the PE-3 (d?=?0.55), and in basketball only in PE-2 (d?=?0.46). There were no changes in any group for track-and-field skills.

Conclusions: PE programs can effectively promote PF and MS development.     

Evaluating quality of implementation in physical activity interventions based on theories of motivation: current challenges and future directions

The evidence base pointing towards the maladaptive health consequences of an inactive lifestyle highlights the need for interventions that are effective in changing and maintaining physical activity behaviours. Theories of motivation are frequently applied to inform the content and delivery of such interventions. Systematic monitoring and evaluation of the quality of intervention implementation is therefore an important step in understanding if and how theories of motivation can be adopted and effectively applied to promote and/or sustain physical activity behaviours. However, intervention implementation quality in studies that aim to apply motivation theory to promote physical activity is often under-reported. The purpose of this article is, first, to review contemporary approaches used to monitor and evaluate intervention implementation; we outline the degree to which these methods have been used effectively in research concerned with applying theories of motivation to impact physical activity behaviours. Second, we identify and discuss specific challenges in effectively measuring quality of implementation faced by researchers who adopt a motivation theory basis to their work. Finally, recommendations for methods to monitor and evaluate intervention implementation in future trials aiming to promote physical activity based on theories of motivation are also proposed.     

基于理论研究视角下体育与经济增长和经济发展的关系

摘要：近几年体育和社会经济文化发展的关系日益紧密,体育消费和体育产业在经济增长和经济发展中的作用日益重要且多元化,体育产业吸引着越来越多的要素投入,现实要求理论研究更加深入且紧密结合实际。从理论研究进展的视角,运用文献资料法,以体育与经济增长和经济发展的关系为研究对象,对2001—2008年和2009—2015年2个阶段我国理论界的相关研究成果进行了较为系统的梳理。结果显示,在研究内容方面,体育产业将成为新的经济增长点、体育经济是克服经济衰退的特殊产业经济、体育产业的发展应重视绿色和环保等观点具有前瞻性和创新意义。在研究方法方面,第一阶段的定性分析和规范分析较多,第二阶段定量分析和实证分析逐渐增多。在对已有研究成果客观简要评价的基础上,提出未来一段时期体育与经济增长和经济发展关系研究的着眼点：1）加强跨学科理论研究;2）加强体育有效供给研究;3）加强体育与经济发展关系的研究;4）理论联系实际,加强定量研究,目的旨在使研究成果更好地服务于政府决策和企业发展。     

基于SEM模型的中学生体育健康行为调查研究

运用文献资料法、数理统计法、调查法,根据我国健康行为教育开展情况,构建中学生体育健康行为干预模型,通过分析模型得出对中学生体育健康行为干预首要考虑的是情绪调控,其次分别是健康知识、锻炼意识及环境适应,并给出在体育教学中实际中学生健康行为发展干预的相关建议,明确体育健康行为教育的目的性、有效性,为当前学校体育教育落实提升学生核心素养提供力所能及的帮助。     

转型期过度竞争与政府行为

过度竞争如同竞争不足一样,同样会带来经济运行效率的劣化.我国过度竞争的市场结构根源在于低进入壁垒和高退出壁垒并存.高退出壁垒既有一般的经济技术性退出壁垒,又有刚性较强的体制性壁垒,二者共同构成了企业推出的障碍.要实现市场的有效竞争,不仅需要产业内厂家建立竞合关系,而且需要消除行政性垄断导致的体制性退出壁垒.     

太极拳对下背痛干预效果的元分析

背景:近年来有关太极拳治疗腰痛患者的实验研究不断增多,受限于实验条件的差异,不同的实验的总效果量难以衡量,不同类型的实验也难以横向比较.目的:本研究使用元分析从下背痛患者疼痛程度、腰椎功能两个方面,评价太极拳及其联合治疗对下背痛患者的干预效果.方法:检索了Web ofScience、PubMed、中国知网、万方4个电子...