出租车监管措施效果的仿真预测模型

针对我国出租车监管措施的制定主要依据经验而缺乏理论支撑的现状,提出一种基于离散事件仿真的巡游型出租车服务模型。为真实模拟我国出租车路边随机搭载乘客居多的特点,假定出行需求分布在路网的节点和路段上。乘客根据价格和期望出行时间选择是否乘坐出租车,而空车根据有限的路网信息以及驾驶经验寻找乘客。模型能够模拟出租车在路网上搜索乘客并提供出行服务的动态过程,定量反映价格和配车数量与系统性能的关系,并预测改变起步价格、起步里程或者单位里程价格等监管措施的实施效果,为监管部门决策提供可靠的理论支持。     

高中地理课堂教学中设置有效问题的策略

本文从设置陷阱问题、设置矛盾问题、设置比较问题等六个角度,介绍在高中地理课堂教学中设置有效问题的一些策略。     

“学生因素”对有效体育教学的影响

有效体育教学是教师遵循体育教学过程的规律,成功引起、激发、维持和促进了学生的体育学习。如何进行有效的教学,不仅要分析教师的教,更要分析学生的学。本文从学生的学习态度、兴趣爱好、学生喜欢教师程度、评价方式、身体素质、学习能力与方式、抗挫能力程度、专业选择、性别差异等学生因素方面作以简要的探讨。     

网络教学有效互动的实现

互动是网络教学中必不可少的组成部分,对网络教育人才培养目标、学生学习质量的提高、学生的学习态度有着十分重要的意义;网络教学互动不足受计算机及网络技术的使用、学生所处的位置和学生对教师的认同感等因素的影响;网络教学有效互动构建对网络教学软硬件设备、学生交互技术使用培训、教师的专业素质提出要求,尤其是网络教育者要从师生互动和生生互动方面采取可行措施来促进有效互动的实现。     

智障儿童情绪识别特征的理论解释与具身干预

智障儿童的情绪识别能力存在基本情绪识别困难、各类识别任务表现不同、情绪加工方式偏好和特定性综合征差异四个主要特征.在解释智障儿童情绪识别主要特征时,传统认知理论的认知-智力局限假说和情绪特异性假说均孤立地看待身体与大脑,属于身心二元论.具身认知理论则强调身体及所处环境在情绪识别中的重要作用,从情绪体验、情绪刺激和加工方...     

Scholars committed to opportunities in psychological education: a training and mentoring program for future psychologists of color

ABSTRACT

Although strides towards inclusivity and racial equality have been made in graduate education, many barriers to graduate education remain for racial/ethnic minorities. In response, we created Scholars Committed to Opportunities in Psychological Education (SCOPE), a mentor-based program for racial/ethnic minority undergraduates. 63 racial/ethnic minority undergraduates completed the SCOPE curricula and pre- and post-program questionnaires regarding graduate school application knowledge, application confidence, stress, self-efficacy, and SCOPE program satisfaction. Mentors completed a training and questionnaires in one SCOPE cohort. Knowledge about the GRE, the application process, and application confidence increased, and stress decreased, following SCOPE. The result of this work is a portable mentoring program that can be used across disciplines and demographics to increase inclusivity and equality.     

Group-based intervention on attention and executive functions in the school context

The objective of the study was to examine the effects of a group-based behavioural, cognitive and skills training intervention (Maltti) provided in schools for elementary school pupils with attention and executive function (EF) deficits. The treatment effects were identified by comparing an intervention group (n = 46) with a waitlist control group (n = 26). Specific effects of the intervention on behavioural deficits in attention and EF in a classroom setting as well as on academic skills were examined. Our analysis indicated that significant intervention effects could be found in the behavioural manifestation of attentional and executive skills in the classroom setting among children (n = 30) who were evaluated as having moderate symptoms in the pre-intervention assessment. Positive effects of the intervention were also observed in arithmetic and reading skills. The severity level of pre-intervention attention and EF deficits did not moderate the results observed in the academic skills tests. The results of this study suggest that a combination of behavioural, cognitive and skills training methods applied in a school context can be effective in reducing attention and EF problems and enhancing the academic performance of children with attention and EF deficits.     

“以学生为中心”有效教学模式探索与实践

文章以电路绘图与制版课程为例,对"以学生为中心"的有效教学模式进行了探索性研究和实践,包括其有效教学模式的内涵、教学模式实施的关键、教学模式的实施等几个方面,提出充分发挥在学习过程中学生的主体作用的教学理念,激发学生的学习兴趣,提高教学效率,培养学生自学能力和运用知识的能力。     

A school-based intervention on elementary students’ school engagement

Prior research has reported signs of low engagement in the early stages of schooling. The present study assessed the effectiveness of a school-based intervention that promotes cognitive, emotional, and behavioral engagement in elementary school children through a story tool. The study followed a cluster-randomized design with 259 fourth graders nested in 12 classes; the classes, not the individuals, were randomly assigned to an intervention or control group. Both groups were assessed in four waves in two measures for each engagement dimension. Data were analyzed with a multilevel approach. Findings show that the intervention enhanced students’ cognitive, emotional, and behavioral engagement. Still, there is a delay before the intervention program exhibits a beneficial effect.Moreover, gender discrepancies were found. Before the intervention, girls showed higher cognitive and emotional engagement, but boys exhibited higher emotional engagement after the intervention. In addition, current results indicate that the program benefited the boys more than the girls. Finally, there was no evidence that the engagement outcomes differed depending on the parent’s educational level. Findings provide valuable information for future research and educational practice.     

高等教育供给侧现状、问题与改革思考

经济领域的供给侧结构改革对高等教育发展提出了新要求。目前我国高等教育供给侧呈现出数量供给日益增加、区域供给分层化、形式供给差异化、类型供给复杂化、层次供给多元化、专业供给动态化的状况。与此同时,高等教育供给侧也存在一些问题:与社会需求不能有效对接,优质供给数量不足;供给结构有待完善,城乡供给与区域供给不均衡,专业供给有待调整;供给质量需要提高。高等教育供给侧改革,需要缩小部属高校属地化招生比例,促进高等教育区域供给的平衡;加大农村家庭子女就读重点大学的比例,推进高等教育供给的城乡平衡;调整层次结构供给,优化专业布局结构;提高高等教育供给质量,满足社会需求,形成有效供给。