民生新闻“四化”初探

民生新闻是地方电视台开办新闻节目的后起之秀,也是最受市民关注的新闻节目;本土化、百姓化、参与化、特色化是民生新闻的特质。     

基于认知负荷理论的有效教学设计研究

有效教学设计应基于学习者的认知规律,设法降低外在、内在认知负荷,同时增加相关认知负荷。在教学设计时,可以采用自由目标策略、关联信息捆绑策略、一步到位策略与多通道策略降低外在认知负荷;采用任务先"分"后"整"逐步呈现策略与任务先"简"后"繁"二次呈现策略降低内在认知负荷;采用变异任务策略与嵌入支架策略增加相关认知负荷。     

The concept of coherency in teaching: forging an idea from professional literature – a case analysis and a discussion with experts

The purpose of this paper is to increase our understanding of the concept ‘coherency in teaching’ as part of the search for a good teacher. The research was conducted in two stages. The first stage comprised class observations and interviews with a good teacher and with five of her students. The second stage comprised interviews with expert trainers of pre‐service teachers. The paper exposes the concept of coherency in teaching gradually starting with a theoretical review, continues with a practical example, and ends with an analysis of the significance of coherency in teaching. The concept of coherency in teaching shows it is not sufficient to examine the qualities that make a teacher effective and good at teaching as separate components, but the way these components are linked to each other is also important and has the function of outlining teachers’ constant search for adjustments while retaining their ability to teach.     

Learning to engage: how positive attitudes about the news,media literacy,and video production contribute to adolescent civic engagement

Many students enroll in video production courses in high school as part of a vocational, career, or technical program. While there has been an explosion of scholarly work in digital literacy in informal settings, less is known about how digital and media literacy competencies are developed through school-based video production courses. This study explores the relationship between civic engagement and the various multimedia instructional practices used in a high school video production course with a single-school convenience sample and an ethnically diverse population of students. Findings reveal that the best predictors of the intent to participate in civic engagement are having positive attitudes about news, current events, reporting, and journalism. Media literacy attitudes and a range of in-classroom learning experiences with video production are also associated with civic engagement.     

有效供给与需求不足：农民教育培训问题分析

农民教育培训在取得阶段性成果的同时也暴露出不少问题,主要表现在:培训与农民需求脱节,项目监管不到位,培训体系建设不完善,资金投入相对不足;"留守"农民整体素质结构性下降,对免费培训"不领情","摊派"生源现象严重。为把这项惠民工程抓好做实,各级政府及相关部门要增加资金投入、制定法律法规及加大统筹协调力度;切实做好分类培养、规范教学及透明监督工作;创新培养模式,发挥典型示范户的带动作用;提高农民组织化程度,提升农民参训的组织性和积极性;合理规划培训工作,提高教育培训的效益。     

大学章程研究的回顾与展望

大学章程是保证大学权力规范运行、实现大学有效治理的重要载体,制定章程成为我国大学的一项基础性难题。目前,有关大学章程的研究尚属于起步阶段,忽视了大学权力运行与大学章程、大学治理与大学章程之间的关系。随着《高等学校章程制定暂行办法》的颁布实施,我国大学已进入"立宪时代",有关大学章程的研究重点应从重视大学治理结构转向如何提高大学治理的有效性上来。     

SOURCE CREDIBILITY AND JOURNALISM

The extent to which information sources, that stand behind virtually all the news, are perceived by journalists as credible is a key determinant of the likelihood of their obtaining news access and public voice. The nature of source credibility judgment in journalism, however, is disputed between two major schools: while the “visceral” camp contends that it is highly subjective, intuitive and biased, the “discretional” camp perceives it as a far more reasonable and legitimate journalistic tool. The present study attempts to uncover evidence of both “visceral” and “discretional” judgment by studying the conceptual credibility (trustworthiness ratings) and practical credibility (practices indicating trust or skepticism, such as cross-checking and attribution) and the congruence between the two in a sample of 840 news items based on 1870 news sources. Findings were gleaned in face-to-face reconstruction interviews with reporters from nine leading Israeli news organizations, who reconstructed, source by source, the processes behind their items, shortly after their publication. Pro-discretional evidence shows that while journalists perceive their own experience as more credible than that of any other human agent, they do tend to stick with sources they perceive as more credible, the majority of which were relied on in the past, granting them more ready acceptance. Pro-visceral evidence, in turn, demonstrates that even the least credible sources receive substantial news space, some without any cross-checking. Furthermore, reporters ranked their sources' credibility even when they had no former record of trustworthiness. The paper suggests interpreting the composite of these findings as discretional logic with islands of visceral judgment.     

INTERNET COMPETITION AND US NEWSPAPER CITY GOVERNMENT COVERAGE

This study used data from a survey of city government reporters at US metropolitan daily newspapers to test the 2008 Lowrey and Mackay model of occupational competition. The results indicate that as the quality of Internet competition (as perceived by the US city hall reporters) increased, reporters were more likely to report stories they might have missed and were more likely to increase the number of city government stories. This study also suggests that the perceptions of the reporters as well as the perceptions of editors play a role in the reaction to occupational competition and that city government reporters were affected more by the perceived quality of competitors' coverage than by the number of news outlets providing that coverage.     

News Media's Rhetoric on Facebook

ABSTRACT

While Facebook is an important distribution channel for today's media houses, there is a lack of research on how news outlets choose to present their stories in social media. The present study aims to narrow this gap by analysing two weeks of Facebook updates by the Norwegian tabloid Dagbladet and the public-service broadcaster NRK and comparing them to the corresponding stories on their news sites. An important objective is to uncover if and how the Facebook updates depart from established text norms for online papers. The method is triangulated. A quantitative content analysis reveals that newsrooms tend to utilize a wider range of speech acts when writing presentations specifically for Facebook. A follow-up qualitative analysis identifies five rhetorical strategies for unique promo texts on Facebook: adding emojis, posing questions, making requests, expressing emotions and stating subjective points of view. Qualitative interviews with responsible journalists confirm that these strategies are more common the less controversial the stories are. However, the newsrooms have few explicit guidelines for when it is acceptable to transgress traditional journalistic text norms. The findings are summarized in a model that connects the continuum of decreasing story controversy to a corresponding continuum of increasingly interpretative and subjective rhetoric.