赛场噪声对运动时身体机能的影响

赛场噪声影响运动员运动效能这人问题一直深受人们的关注。分析赛场噪声的来源与特点，并着重从听觉、心血管、神经、内分泌系统和物质代谢等五个方面论述赛场噪声对运动时身体机能的影响，提示赛场噪声刺激可加速运动时疲劳的产生，影响运动能力的正常发挥。     

科学、潜意识与文化多样性——非理性问题探讨

潜意识是现代心理学的重大发现,它使得非理性问题变成了科学研究的课题,从而给现代科学和文化带来了深刻的影响。     

技术批判理论视域下《美国国家教育技术计划》文本分析

技术的不断进步对教育领域相关政策的制定起着越来越重要的作用.《美国国家教育技术计划》是提高技术在教育中应用的纲领性文件.从技术批判理论的视角出发,通过文本分析的研究方法,揭示出技术影响下蕴含在教育领域中一种追求效率的技术理性思维,具体表现为基于数据分析的真理判定、基于技术系统的社会秩序、基于技术素养的教育目的.文章借鉴技术批判理论的观点,试图探求解决当下教育政策文本中过于追求技术理性的问题,实现理性与艺术的结合.据此,对我国教育技术政策制定提供一定的启示,包括关注时代合理性诉求,反思人文不合理问题,权衡技术与人的关系.     

Self‐efficacy of prospective Austrian and German primary school teachers regarding the implementation of inclusive education

This study examined the psychometric properties of the German version of the Teacher Inclusive Education Self‐Efficacy Scale (TIESES). Five hundred and nineteen teacher education students from Austria and 765 teacher education students from Germany participated in the study. Results of a multiple‐group confirmatory factor analysis (for the two countries) confirmed a single factor structure of the scale with partial scalar measurement invariance. Regression analysis showed that self‐efficacy when implementing inclusive education was explained by the motivation to deal with inclusive education during their studies, previous experience with inclusive education in internships, study interest and the country in which the students went to university.     

The influence of formal and informal formative pre‐service experiences on teacher self‐efficacy

Formal pre‐service training has been shown to be effective in building teacher self‐efficacy beliefs. However, the impact of other, less formal, ‘teacher‐like’ pre‐service experiences on the formation of efficacy beliefs has not previously been investigated. This study examines the associations between both formal and informal formative pre‐service experiences and teacher self‐efficacy. In addition, the effect of years of teaching experience on these associations was investigated. Three hundred fifteen teachers of general and Judaic studies in Jewish day schools in the USA responded to a survey about their formal pre‐service experiences; informal experiences as youth advisors, camp counsellors and childcare supervisors; and two measures of teacher self‐efficacy. Formal pre‐service training and positive student‐teaching experiences, as well as each of the three informal experiences, were found to be associated with positive teacher self‐efficacy. Interestingly, formal and informal pre‐service experiences appear to be associated with different aspects of teacher self‐efficacy. Formal teacher training was most strongly associated with efficacy for instructional practices, while the positive informal experiences were most strongly associated with efficacy for student engagement. The potential impact of both formal and informal experiences did not appear to fade over time. On the contrary, for those variables where an interaction with years of teaching was detected, it was the efficacy beliefs of the most senior teachers that were most related to their pre‐service experiences. These findings have important implications for the practice of both teacher trainers and those charged with recruiting and supporting teachers.     

革命阵营内的名位之争与辛亥革命的失败

辛亥革命到今年,已经整整一百年了。一百年来,中国发生了翻天覆地的变化,关于辛亥革命的研究也取得了举世瞩目的辉煌成就。站在一百年的当口,我们的中国近代史研究,还能拿出怎样的成果奉献给读者呢?一百年的学术研究不可能穷尽辛亥革命的全部内涵,随着研究的进展,许多深层次的问题还会不断浮现出来,需要给予关注和思考。下面的三篇文章,就是在前人的基础上,凭借百年中国社会嬗变和学术进步,对辛亥革命进行反思的新成果。张皓教授则对革命阵营内部的名位之争做了具体的考证,试图从这个角度给辛亥革命的失败一个合理而有力的解释。这几篇文章都有独到视界,见解也有一定深度,特以笔谈形式编发,以飨读者。     

文献资源共享效益馆藏化评估研究

图书馆文献资源共享评估应从知晓型评估转为应用型评估,即对图书馆文献资源共享的效益进行评估。以文献资源共享深度与广度较高的大学园区为研究对象,将高校图书馆无障碍共享的他校文献资源列入评估范围,通过馆藏化计算可以得出共享成员馆的馆藏数量,进而得出图书馆文献资源共享效益。通过该计算方法所得的结果能够为共享体系成员馆馆藏资源建设提供参考。     

TMT特征与企业技术创新关系研究

文章从TMT有限理性出发,构建TMT特征与企业技术创新关系分析模型,然后以2007、2008两年披露创新投入的350家中小企业板上市公司为样本,实证检验了TMT特征与企业技术创新的关系。研究结果表明TMT特征是影响企业技术创新的重要变量;但中小企业的研究结论与以往其他样本的研究结论有差异,表现为企业技术创新投入同TMT规模、教育水平、年龄、任期、持股显著相关,而与异质性、技术背景关系不显著;TMT特征对企业技术创新的影响受企业所有制性质和所属行业影响显著。     

以功效为切入点开展中药学教学的体会

中药学知识零碎、涉及面广、不易学习和掌握。而中药功效在中药理论中居于关键地位,它是联系药性与主治的桥梁与纽带。很多中药的四气五味、升降浮沉、临床应用等,几乎都可以从功效中体现出来。因此,教师可以通过重点分析和教授中药功效,并以此作为切入点,进行中药学学科的教学,以达到更快速、系统、牢固的学习记忆。     

被误解的“浪漫”

浪漫主义是最知名的文学流派之一,它的产生有着极为深厚的文化背景,是西方反抗科技与智（理）性对人的侵蚀,倡导回归人的自然本性的结果。文章从浪漫主义产生的文化背景入手,运用中西文化比较方法,分析中国近代以来对这个重要文学流派误读的表现及原因。