发挥学生在课堂上的主体作用——初中历史活动课教学的几点体会

中学历史活动课教学有利于教师树立新的教育理念;有利于培养学生的创新能力和实践能力。活动课要强调学生的自主性、能动性、创造性,发挥学生在课堂上的主体作用。活动课的实施过程中还应注意:趣味性原则和全体性原则、及时评估的原则、次数适当的原则。     

“But it doesn’t come naturally”: how effort expenditure shapes the benefit of growth mindset on women’s sense of intellectual belonging in computing

Research suggests growth mindset, or the belief that knowledge is acquired through effort, may enhance women’s sense of belonging in male-dominated disciplines, like computing. However, other research indicates women who spend a great deal of time and energy in technical fields experience a low sense of belonging. The current study assessed the benefits of a growth mindset on women’s (and men’s) sense of intellectual belonging in computing, accounting for the amount of time and effort dedicated to academics. We define “intellectual belonging” as the sense that one is believed to be a competent member of the community. Whereas a stronger growth mindset was associated with stronger intellectual belonging for men, a growth mindset only boosted women’s intellectual belonging when they did not work hard on academics. Our findings suggest, paradoxically, women may not benefit from a growth mindset in computing when they exert a lot of effort.     

同声传译中的预测

根据Daniel Gile的认识负荷模型理论，同声传译的译员在翻译过程中精力分为听解分析、言语生成、短期记忆及协调四个部分。为了降低译员的精力负荷，提高翻译的质量，试从减轻记忆负担的角度分析了预测在同传中所发挥的作用，同声传译中的预测方法。以及预测中的补救措施。掌握了预测技巧，译员在同传过程中便会更加游刃有余。     

Motivation counteracts fatigue-induced performance decrements in soccer passing performance

Recent theories suggest that negative effects of fatigue on performance are determined by perception of effort and motivation rather than being directly caused by reaching physiological limits. In the current experiment, the influence of motivation on fatigue-induced decrements in soccer performance was experimentally investigated. Sixty amateur soccer players performed a validated soccer-passing test before and after a fatigue protocol. Results showed that players’ motivation and performance decreased after the fatigue protocol for players in the control group. In contrast, players in the motivation group (i.e., with motivation experimentally induced after the fatigue protocol) were able to uphold their motivation and increase their performance. These results indicate that motivation plays a crucial role in performance under fatigue, as fatigue-induced decrements in soccer passing performance can be counteracted by high levels of motivation. Future research may explore the limits of this counteracting effect and extend findings to other relevant performance aspects.     

我国优秀女子铅球运动员最后用力技术的运动学分析

采用技术动作录像拍摄与分析法、数理统计分析等研究方法,对我国优秀女子铅球运动员的最后用力技术分别从身体各关节与出手速度、最后用力的两个阶段技术参数,人与铅球系统重心的位移等方面,结合铅球专项理论、运动训练学、运动生物力学等理论进行运动学分析,旨在探讨我国优秀女子铅球运动员最后用力技术的特点,进一步提高其训练的科学性、针对性。     

解读竞争中努力缺乏的失败:体育竞赛中的"习得无助"现象

基于“习得无助”理论的“动机缺乏模式”和“功能缺乏模式”发展一个体育竞赛的努力缺乏综合模式，通过实验设计验证6个理论假设。80名体育专业学生参加一个投篮对抗，决定胜负，然后，再参加一个投掷飞镖的任务。对被试的朝向认知活动、后续朝向状态、后续努力与第二任务成绩的关系进行分析。结果发现，失败的被试比成功被试更关注结果引起的原因，同时，对后续控制感更低；当归因倾向非控制因素时，后续努力变得下降。另外，归因的方式对后续努力和投标成绩都有影响。     

Effects of performance feedback valence on perceptions of invested mental effort

We investigated whether the valence of performance feedback provided after a task, would affect participants’ perceptions of how much mental effort they invested in that same task. In three experiments, we presented participants with problem-solving tasks and manipulated the presence and valence of feedback between conditions (no, positive, or negative feedback valence), prior to asking them to rate how much mental effort they invested in solving that problem. Across the three experiments–with different problem-solving tasks and participant populations–we found that subjective ratings of effort investment were significantly higher after negative than after positive feedback; ratings given without feedback fell in between. These findings show that feedback valence alters perceived effort investment (possibly via task perceptions or affect), which can be problematic when effort is measured as an indicator of cognitive load. Therefore, it seems advisable to measure mental effort directly after each task, before giving feedback on performance.     

轭式搭配的标记性及修辞理据探析

轭式搭配法是一种极具艺术感染力和语言表现力的修辞格,包蕴文学的艺术性和语言学的简洁性。标记理论是语言学重要理论之一,将标记性分析用于轭式搭配法,将便于人们理解和掌握其用法。文章对轭式搭配的标记性进行了分析,同时,对轭式搭配法的修辞发生理据也有了初步探讨。     

不同的吃喝玩乐

一、吃和喝吃苹果 eat an apple, 吃药 take medicine,吃糖 have some sweets,吃饭 have one's meals,吃馆子 dine out,吃惊 be surprised/     

毛泽东廉政思想研究

腐败是个历史性、世界性的问题,也是我国当前存在的一个重大问题。反腐倡廉现已成为全社会关注的焦点。加强毛泽东廉政思想的研究,可以为我国廉政制度建设提供思考线索和理论借鉴。