能源互联网背景下中国光储价值链效益协同模型研究

基于能源互联网背景建立光伏发电商与储能商组成的光储价值链,并以其为研究对象进行效益协同模型研究.首先根据改进的逐对比较法确定节点努力因素,其次分别构建分散价值链Stackelberg博弈模型、集成价值链模型,再次引入收益分享与努力成本共担联合契约及回购与努力成本共担联合契,最后通过数值分析进一步验证上述模型的有效性.结...     

王龙溪和王阳明思想关系析论

王龙溪和王阳明之间的学术关系是研究阳明学整个运动的重要内容,对其的考察可以有助于深化对阳明学发展的认识。在以往研究成果的基础上,指出龙溪之于阳明有两重关系,即本体良知上的相应和功夫理论上的脱离。对于以阳明为代表的儒家学说来说。相对于本体上的相契,功夫理论上的偏离无疑更具有重要的现实针对性。龙溪在功夫理论上对阳明实地用功的脱离。客观上导致了阳明后学末流脱儒入禅的思想局面,成为后世思想界批判的对象。     

试论"诗穷者而后工"的内在原因

"诗穷者而后工"是由"发愤著书"衍生出来的子命题.其产生具有四个方面的原因:一为"穷而发愤",其文"要约而写真";二为"穷而发愤",其文能"写人情之所难言";三为"人穷则诗工";四为"欢愉之辞难工,穷愁之言易好"."诗穷者而后工"其实道出了文艺创作中的创作主体的内在动力问题.     

Effort is virtuous: teacher preferences of pupil effort,ability and grading in physical education

Based on contemporary psychological approaches to attribution and emotions, this paper reports on three groups of pre‐ and inservice teachers and their preferences for different grading criteria for pupils based on the amount of effort and ability displayed in physical education. Consistent with our hypothesis derived from social psychological theories of social emotion, we found a clear preference for working with pupils who show effort. Two primary education student samples preferred students to achieve success in PE through effort rather than ability, whereas a sample of secondary PE teachers had a slight preference for high effort and high ability. This confirms other attributional research where ‘effort is virtuous’. As far as grading procedures were concerned, all three groups preferred to use pupil progress and effort the most. Scores on physical fitness tests and the performance of pupils relative to others were the least preferred options. Effort‐based grading procedures were correlated with a preference for pupils who showed high effort. All groups showed a preference to work with pupils who try hard and to grade them on this, as well as personal progress. There was little desire to assess pupils normatively.     

Students’ test motivation in PISA: the case of Norway

Do students make their best effort in large-scale assessment studies such as the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA)? Despite six cycles of PISA surveys from 2000 to 2015, empirical studies regarding students’ test motivation and experience of the tests are sparse. The present study examines students’ test motivation in PISA, and how closely students’ achievement correlates with students’ reported test motivation. A total of 40 students from eight schools that participated in the PISA study in 2006, 2009 and 2012 were interviewed. In addition, questionnaire data from a total of 9400 students who participated in PISA 2009 and 2012 were collected. The findings of this study indicate that students overall were motivated to do their best in the PISA study, despite the fact that these low-stakes tests have no impact on students’ grades or future school entrance. In contrast to claims in the media, where it has been suggested that Norwegian students are more relaxed towards the PISA test than students in other countries, students report that they are motivated to do their best, but girls report significantly higher test motivation than boys. Despite the policy influence of PISA and the large number of countries participating, very few studies have reported findings from students’ perspectives regarding their test motivation and experience of the test. The present study aims to fill that gap.     

带有应力传感器的机械手操作控制研究

讨论带有应力传感器的机械手在操作过程中抓取工件时的反馈控制问题。该系统基于离散动力学模型，采用计算机控制，使用线性二次型高斯调节器。研究中充分考虑了机械手在操作过程中与工件接触时，手爪机构的弹性和接触点与机械手之间的相对运动。实践表明，这些措施能够很好地改善系统的过渡过程品质。     

MOOCs as a massive research laboratory: opportunities and challenges

Massive open online courses (MOOCs) offer many opportunities for research into several topics related to pedagogical methods and student incentives. In the context of over 20 years of online learning research, we discuss lessons to be learned from observational comparisons and experiments on randomly chosen groups of students. We target two MOOCs for our study. We investigate dropout rates and how students who decide to drop out differ from those who continue courses. We discuss class forums and video lectures and how these interactions correlate with achievement. We explore the strong correlation between procrastination and achievement and implications for MOOC design. We examine the role of certifications offered by MOOCs and how different options can affect outcomes. We also examine the potential of linking data across courses. We discuss survey data in the context of these MOOCs. These research opportunities offer big data challenges, which are addressed with parallel computing techniques.     

Self-Talk: It Works,but How? Development and Preliminary Validation of the Functions of Self-Talk Questionnaire

The aim of this investigation was to develop an instrument assessing the functions of self-talk (ST) in sports. Two studies were conducted for the development of the Functions of Self-Talk Questionnaire (FSTQ). In the first study, a prospective instrument was developed based on empirical evidence and a series of preliminary exploratory factor analysis. The results supported a five-dimensional 25-item solution. In the second study, the psychometric properties of the new questionnaire were tested. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) confirmed the hypothesized factor structure of the FSTQ. Furthermore, reliability analyses provided further evidence regarding the psychometric integrity of the instrument. The results of the study provide preliminary evidence regarding the multidimensionality of ST functions, suggesting that ST in sports can serve to enhance attentional focus, increase confidence, regulate effort, control cognitive and emotional reactions, and trigger automatic execution. The FSTQ seems a psychometrically sound instrument that could help with enhancing our understanding regarding the use and effectiveness of ST.     

The effects of an increasing versus constant crank rate on peak physiological responses during incremental arm crank ergometry

Abstract

We examined the effects of concomitant increases in crank rate and power output on incremental arm crank ergometry. Ten healthy males undertook three incremental upper body exercise tests to volitional exhaustion. The first test determined peak minute power. The subsequent tests involved arm cranking at an initial workload of 40% peak minute power with further increases of 10% peak minute power every 2 min. One involved a constant crank rate of 70 rev · min^?1, the other an initial crank rate of 50 rev · min^?1 increasing by 10 rev · min^?1 every 2 min. Fingertip capillary blood samples were analysed for blood lactate at rest and exhaustion. Local (working muscles) and cardiorespiratory ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) were recorded at the end of each exercise stage. Heart rate and expired gas were monitored continuously. No differences were observed in peak physiological responses or peak minute power achieved during either protocol. Blood lactate concentration tended to be greater for the constant crank rate protocol (P = 0.06). Test duration was shorter for the increasing than for the constant crank rate protocol. The relationship between local RPE and heart rate differed between tests. The results of this study show that increasing cadence during incremental arm crank ergometry provides a valid assessment of peak responses over a shorter duration but alters the heart rate–local RPE relationship.