销售努力和价格影响需求时的供应链协调研究

一个供应商和一个零售商构成的供应链,其需求同时受销售商的销售努力和零售定价影响。批发价格和回购价是制造商影响零售商定价和订货的常用方法。据此,考察固定价格和相机定价两种定价策略。在零售商销售努力可证实时,分析制造商的成本分担与两种价格策略的组合契约的供应链协调能力。在零售商销售努力不可证实时,提出两类限制性回购契约,分析两类限制回购契约与两类定价策略的组合契约协调供应链能力。数值分析揭示了限制回购合约协调供应链时可能对制造商利润带来的影响。     

制造链中合作研发的契约设计研究

在考虑制造链中一个制造商和多个供应商的努力水平下,构建其合作研发的一般契约和利益共享契约模型。结果表明,在一般契约中转移支付价格与供应商努力水平和制造商成本系数呈正相关,与制造商努力水平、供应商成本系数和供应商数量呈负相关;在利益共享契约中转移支付价格与制造商分配比例和供应商努力水平呈正相关,而与制造商努力水平呈负相关。最后得出在合理的利益分配区间内共享契约是较优选择的结论。     

发愤著书——浅论中国古代作家创作发生之因

作家产生创作的原因很多,西汉司马迁的＂发愤著书＂说对中国古代作家创作的发生进行了具体阐述,在他之后的文人对＂发愤著书＂的继承和发展则进一步完善了这一理论体系。     

中国古代文化对现代科技发展的指导作用

人类凭借科学技术手段认识和改造自然,既是自然的人化过程,同时又是自然对人的异化过程。而自然对人的异化,集中表现为全球性的"生态危机"。面对这样尴尬的局面,我们该何去何从?从学理角度来谈中国古代文化对现代科技发展的指导作用。     

科研实验室安全管理执行力度的评价及改进措施

通过调查问卷、观察、文献查阅等多角度收集信息,统计分析得知目前科研实验室安全管理的目标与实际效果之间存在较大差距,即执行力度不足。根据科研工作的特点和安全管理目标要求,提出改进对策,如加强专业安全知识培训,提高科研和管理人员的安全意识,增设问责制度,改进安全检查方法以构建科研实验室安全文化等,并通过实例说明改进措施在实践中取得的成效及对提高安全管理力度的作用。     

Parameter Estimation Accuracy of the Effort-Moderated Item Response Theory Model Under Multiple Assumption Violations

As low-stakes testing contexts increase, low test-taking effort may serve as a serious validity threat. One common solution to this problem is to identify noneffortful responses and treat them as missing during parameter estimation via the effort-moderated item response theory (EM-IRT) model. Although this model has been shown to outperform traditional IRT models (e.g., two-parameter logistic [2PL]) in parameter estimation under simulated conditions, prior research has failed to examine its performance under violations to the model’s assumptions. Therefore, the objective of this simulation study was to examine item and mean ability parameter recovery when violating the assumptions that noneffortful responding occurs randomly (Assumption 1) and is unrelated to the underlying ability of examinees (Assumption 2). Results demonstrated that, across conditions, the EM-IRT model provided robust item parameter estimates to violations of Assumption 1. However, bias values greater than 0.20 SDs were observed for the EM-IRT model when violating Assumption 2; nonetheless, these values were still lower than the 2PL model. In terms of mean ability estimates, model results indicated equal performance between the EM-IRT and 2PL models across conditions. Across both models, mean ability estimates were found to be biased by more than 0.25 SDs when violating Assumption 2. However, our accompanying empirical study suggested that this biasing occurred under extreme conditions that may not be present in some operational settings. Overall, these results suggest that the EM-IRT model provides superior item and equal mean ability parameter estimates in the presence of model violations under realistic conditions when compared with the 2PL model.     

Measuring children’s perceived cost of school science: Instrument development and psychometric evaluation

This investigation addresses the need for valid and reliable instruments that contribute to understanding the factors that lead to the rejection of science-related studies. We discuss the theoretical and methodological limitations of published attitudes toward science questionnaires and describe the development and validation of a short instrument rooted in the cost construct of the expectancy-value model of achievement motivation. We collected data from a sample of six hundred thirty-two 5^th and 6^th (M_age = 10.87; SD = .76) elementary students in Spain. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis revealed a parsimonious structure measuring loss of valued alternatives and task effort ​cost. Further psychometric evaluation displayed evidence for convergent, discriminant, and concurrent validity. Likewise, the reliability was acceptable for both three-item scales. These findings support the proposed instrument to measure barriers experienced by Spanish children when studying school science.     

销售努力下基于CVaR的二次订货模型

运用CVaR风险度量准则,构建了风险规避的零售商实施销售努力影响市场需求且允许二次订货下的报童模型。分析了一次订货和二次订货两种订货模式下零售商的最优订货和销售努力决策,以及最优决策变量与模型中参数的变化关系。比较了两种订货模式下零售商最优决策的差异。最后使用数值分析对市场需求服从均匀分布和负指数分布下的相关结论进行了验证。最后,提出了一些重要的管理启示。     

归因理论及其对家庭教育的启示

归因理论是一种以认知的观点看待动机的心理学理论。它是有关个人如何对自己的行为或他人的活动的因果关系做出解释和推论的理论，人们以此来理解、预测和控制他们的环境和以后的行动。本文拟对归因理论作以概述，并且浅析它在家庭教育中的运用。     

试论高校科研工作中柔性管理与刚性管理的结合

本文试从刚性管理、柔性管理的理论角度出发,探讨高校科研工作中刚性管理存在的问题,并提出刚柔相济的管理策略,以加强高校科研管理工作,进一步促进高校科研工作的健康发展。