我国自驾车旅游存在的问题及其对策

自驾丰旅游已成为我国旅游市场的新亮点，但在其发展过程中也暴露出安全缺乏保障．配套设施和服务滞后，旅游信息不完善，产品匮乏等问题。为此。政府主导．行业联动。应是自驾车旅游可持续发展的主要对策。     

Instructional efficiency of different discussion approaches in an outreach laboratory: Teacher-guided versus student-centered

Given the rapid development of modern biotechnology, attention to socioscientific issues in educational contexts is crucially important to support students in becoming responsible citizens. The authors' research focused on the impact of discussing socioscientific issues during biology lessons under 3 different treatments (teacher guided, student centered, text only), comparing these treatments with regard to cognitive achievement, cognitive load, and instructional efficiency. The biology lessons were part of an educational intervention with Bavarian 10th-grade students (N = 583) in an out-of-school laboratory on plant genetic engineering. The teacher-guided group performed significantly better regarding knowledge increase, while the cognitive load of the student-centered group was significantly higher. Accordingly, teacher-guided discussion led to the highest instructional efficiency, suggesting an enhanced cognitive achievement through the teacher's guidance. However, a student-centered approach allows students to contribute more of their own opinions, making further research in this area desirable. Finally, we discuss potential implications for teaching and teacher education.     

Entrepreneurship education: motivation and effort for pupils with special needs in Norwegian compulsory school*

Pupil enterprises are a widespread type of entrepreneurship education. In this working method, pupils start up, manage and close a business over short period of time. National and international policy documents claim that practical working methods through the use of pupil enterprises are beneficial to increase motivation by being a realistic and cross-curricular approach. This paper investigates whether this is the case for pupils who receive special education. No previous research has focused on the situation for this group of pupils when working with pupil enterprises. The data are collected from a survey with the participation of 1880 pupils in the 10th grade. Our econometric results indicate that participation in pupil enterprises has no particular impact on motivation or effort for pupils receiving special needs education. Even though there are many positive features with pupil enterprises and they offer a practical and realistic way of learning, we do not find evidence to support that pupil enterprises also have a positive effect on the general school motivation and effort. Thus, the political claim of the practical dimension as a solution to increase motivation for learning in school is not supported by our findings.     

具有阶段结构的单种群模型的捕获策略

给出单种群阶段结构模型,分别对其幼年种群和成年种群捕获问题,给出以最大捕获可持续均衡收获(MSY)为目标的最优捕获策略.     

Students’ test motivation in PISA: the case of Norway

Do students make their best effort in large-scale assessment studies such as the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA)? Despite six cycles of PISA surveys from 2000 to 2015, empirical studies regarding students’ test motivation and experience of the tests are sparse. The present study examines students’ test motivation in PISA, and how closely students’ achievement correlates with students’ reported test motivation. A total of 40 students from eight schools that participated in the PISA study in 2006, 2009 and 2012 were interviewed. In addition, questionnaire data from a total of 9400 students who participated in PISA 2009 and 2012 were collected. The findings of this study indicate that students overall were motivated to do their best in the PISA study, despite the fact that these low-stakes tests have no impact on students’ grades or future school entrance. In contrast to claims in the media, where it has been suggested that Norwegian students are more relaxed towards the PISA test than students in other countries, students report that they are motivated to do their best, but girls report significantly higher test motivation than boys. Despite the policy influence of PISA and the large number of countries participating, very few studies have reported findings from students’ perspectives regarding their test motivation and experience of the test. The present study aims to fill that gap.     

教育反思视界的技术努力与时代拓展——以网络教育形态为例分析

本文对教育反思与技术革新问题作了简要的论述。文章首先分析了网络教育的内涵、实质和价值定位,认为网络教育的价值定位在于"技术服务教育"。然后,以网络教育这一新兴教育形态作为切入口,分析技术在教育反思中的角色。最后,围绕网络教育从五个角度就拓宽教育反思视界的问题作了深入剖析。     

研发人员薪酬机制:能力甄别与努力程度激励

文章就企业如何在薪酬机制方面对研发人员进行能力甄别和努力程度激励进行了探讨,认为企业应该实行混合型的薪酬体系,充分运用外部约束务件并从企业内部培训两个方面来对研发人员进行能力甄别,从而达到降低研发风险、提高研发收益的目的。     

高校学报在研究生作者培养中的作用

随着研究生作者投稿量的逐年增加,在提高文章水平的同时,高校学报应在研究生作者培养中发挥积极作用.针对研究生作者在投稿过程中表现出的经验不足、依赖性过强、知识体系不扎实、学术态度不健全和科研习惯未养成等问题,通过强化高校学报的平台作用、桥梁作用、指导/引导作用和监督作用,以期提高研究生作者的论文写作能力、科研素养、学术精神以及综合素质,为社会培养优秀人才.     

试论"诗穷者而后工"的内在原因

"诗穷者而后工"是由"发愤著书"衍生出来的子命题.其产生具有四个方面的原因:一为"穷而发愤",其文"要约而写真";二为"穷而发愤",其文能"写人情之所难言";三为"人穷则诗工";四为"欢愉之辞难工,穷愁之言易好"."诗穷者而后工"其实道出了文艺创作中的创作主体的内在动力问题.     

师生对话关系新解

从道家哲学思想的视角来看,师生对立两极的存在是师生对话的客观条件,师生之间的反向作用力是师生对话的主观条件,师生对话造成的两极之间的边缘领域则是师生对话教育意义的生成。