生物接触氧化法处理生活污水及中水回用的研究与设计

采用生化-过滤的方法处理生活污水，实现了处理效率高，占地面积小，工程投资低等特点，处理后各项指标均达到国家《生活杂用水水质标准》(CJ25．1-89)。     

γ－Al_2O_3为基体的Pt、Pd双金属催化剂氧化性能的研究

研制并考察了Ｐｔ、Ｐｄ及其双组份蜂窝燃烧催化剂的催化性能，并运用ＸＲＤ和ＴＰＤ－ＭＳ等实验技术研究了催化剂的耐热性和催化氧化性能与其物相结构和表面氧性能之间的联系，实验结果表明，由于Ｐｔ、Ｐｄ的共助作用，有利于催化剂上活性氧的脱出和恢复，致使Ｐｔ、Ｐｄ双组份催化剂对ＣＯ和有机物有较高的催化氧化活性，反应温度在１１０～３００℃下，转化率可达９８％以上。此外，该催化剂有良好的耐热稳定性，可耐受１０００℃以下的高温冲击。高温活性下降的主要原因是载体γ－Ａｌ＿２Ｏ＿３完全转变成α－Ａｌ＿２Ｏ＿３的结果。初步考察了该催化剂在烘漆废气治理方面的应用，有良好的使用效果。     

排水渠污水自然净化研究

通过对位于某市城郊结合部的泄洪排水渠渠水进行水质分析,提出了氧化塘和人工湿地法自然净化方案,具体为：前期处理工艺—氧化塘处理—人工湿地处理,即先对污水进行分流收集,使水中混浊物沉淀,再采用人工湿地污水处理系统—垂直流人工湿地,使污水发生质的变化,达到景观用水的要求,从而在减少污染的同时美化环境.     

光催化氧化-分光光度法测定水体中的痕量总磷

本文采用TiO2光催化氧化将水体中各种含磷化合物降解、转化为磷酸盐后用分光光度法进行总磷定量测定。以巢湖水为研究对象,研究各种反应条件对光催化氧化降解率的影响。结果表明:该法的线性范围为0.00￣4.2mg/L,检出限为1.74×10-3 mg/L,与国标法测磷效果基本相同;同时具有快速、简便、反应条件温和的工作特点。     

Fabrication and characterization of VO2 thin films by direct current facing targets magnetron sputtering and low temperature oxidation

Low valence vanadium oxide（VO2-x） thin films were prepared on SiO2/Si substrates at room temperature by direct current facing targets reactive magnetron sputtering, and then processed through rapid thermal annealing. The effects of the annealing on the structure and phase transition property of VO2 were discussed. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction technique and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy were employed to study the phase composition and structure of the thin films. The resistance-temperature property was measured. The results show that VO2 thin film is obtained after annealed at 320℃ for 3 h, its phase transition temperature is 56 ℃, and the resistance changes by more than 2 orders. The vanadium oxide thin films are applicable in thermochromic smart windows, and the deposition and annealing process is compatible with micro electromechanical system process.     

长白山阔叶红松林不同深度森林土壤氧化CH4研究

采集长白山阔叶红松林不同深度土壤,在实验室条件下测定其对高低体积分数CH4的氧化和相关菌群的数量变化。结果表明,土壤氧化CH4的能力随深度变化明显;5 - 1 5cm土层具有最大CH4氧化活性,在 40 0 μL/LCH4体积分数下,此土层干重土壤CH4最大氧化速率可达3.3nmol·h- 1 ·g- 1 ;2 5cm以下土层基本没有CH4氧化活性;因 0 - 5cm土层土壤含有高质量浓度NH 4,抑制了CH4氧化菌的活性,所以此层土壤对CH4吸收能力下降。对微生物数量统计结果显示,5 - 1 0cm土层CH4氧化菌数量最大,CH4氧化菌对林土CH4氧化贡献大,硝化菌的作用很小。     

Review:Anaerobic ammonium oxidation for treatment of ammonium-rich wastewaters

The concept of anaerobic ammonium oxidation (ANAMMOX) is presently of great interest.The functional bacteria belonging to the Planctomycete phylum and their metabolism are investigated by microbiologists.Meanwhile,the ANAMMOX is equally valuable in treatment of ammonium-rich wastewaters.Related processes including partial nitritation-ANAMMOX and completely autotrophic nitrogen removal over nitrite (CANON) have been developed,and lab-scale experiments proved that both processes were quite feasible in engineering with appropriate control.Successful full-scale practice in the Netherlands will ac-celerate application of the process in future.This review introduces the microbiology and more focuses on application of the ANAMMOX process.     

辛伐他汀对糖基化终末产物致大鼠血管内皮功能损伤的保护作用

目的：探讨辛伐他汀对外源性制备的糖基化终末产物损伤大鼠离体胸主动脉环内皮依赖性舒张功能的影响及其机制。方法：按文献方法制备糖基化终末产物,采用外源性糖基化终末产物（AGE-BSA）孵育大鼠离体胸主动脉环90min诱导血管内皮功能的损伤,并观察辛伐他汀、超氧化物歧化酶和L-精氨酸对糖基化终末产物致的血管内皮依赖性舒张功能损害的影响。结果：外源性糖基化终末产物孵育大鼠离体胸主动脉环90min,明显抑制乙酰胆碱诱导的内皮依赖性血管舒张反应（endothelium-dependent relaxation,EDR）。但对硝普钠诱导的内皮非依赖性血管舒张反应没有影响。辛伐汀（0．05,0．1,0．2μmol／L）与AGE-BSA共同孵育血管环90min,浓度依耐性地改善AGE-BSA对血管内皮依赖性舒张功能的损害。氧自由基清除剂超氧化物歧化酶（superoxide dismutase,SOD,200U/mL）也可逆转AGE—BSA对内皮依赖性血管舒张反应的损害,而L-精氨酸（L-arginine,L-Arg,3mmol／L）却只有部分保护作用。而且,辛伐他汀也能取消SOD抑制剂二乙基二硫氨甲酸酯（diethyldithiocarbamate,DETC;10μmol／L）．诱导产生内源性氧自由基所致的血管内皮依赖性反应的抑制。结论：辛伐他汀能取消AGE-BSA对大鼠离体胸主动脉环血管内皮依赖性舒张反应的抑制。该保护作用可能与其抗氧化作用有关。     

生物接触氧化法深度处理定西市马铃薯淀粉加工废水

采用生物接触氧化作为深度处理工艺,进一步去除前期厌氧工艺出水中的有机物。结果表明：在DO＝4 mg／L、HRT＝6 h的最佳工艺条件下,生物接触氧化反应器对厌氧工艺处理后的马铃薯淀粉加工废水有着较好的处理效果,出水COD＜85 mg／L、BOD＜5 mg／L、SS＜35 mg／L、pH 6～pH 9,达到《污水综合排放标准》（GB8978—1996）二级排放标准。     

Effects of an 8-weeks erythropoietin treatment on mitochondrial and whole body fat oxidation capacity during exercise in healthy males

The present investigation was performed to elucidate if the non-erythropoietic ergogenic effect of a recombinant erythropoietin treatment results in an impact on skeletal muscle mitochondrial and whole body fatty acid oxidation capacity during exercise, myoglobin concentration and angiogenesis. Recombinant erythropoietin was administered by subcutaneous injections (5000 IU) in six healthy male volunteers (aged 21 ± 2 years; fat mass 18.5 ± 2.3%) over 8 weeks. The participants performed two graded cycle ergometer exercise tests before and after the intervention where VO_2max and maximal fat oxidation were measured. Biopsies of the vastus lateralis muscle were obtained before and after the intervention. Recombinant erythropoietin treatment increased mitochondrial O₂ flux during ADP stimulated state 3 respiration in the presence of complex I and II substrates (malate, glutamate, pyruvate, succinate) with additional electron input from β-oxidation (octanoylcarnitine) (from 60 ± 13 to 87 ± 24 pmol · s^?1 · mg^?1 P < 0.01). β-hydroxy-acyl-CoA-dehydrogenase activity was higher after treatment (P < 0.05), whereas citrate synthase activity also tended to increase (P = 0.06). Total myoglobin increased by 16.5% (P < 0.05). Capillaries per muscle area tended to increase (P = 0.07), whereas capillaries per fibre as well as the total expression of vascular endothelial growth factor remained unchanged. Whole body maximal fat oxidation was not increased after treatment. Eight weeks of recombinant erythropoietin treatment increases mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation capacity and myoglobin concentration without any effect on whole body maximal fat oxidation.