不同发酵茶叶的红外光谱特征

茶叶的发酵工序是形成茶叶不同品种的关键环节。本文采用红外傅里叶变换光谱法,比较分析了云南普洱碧罗春茶（不发酵茶）、福建乌龙茶（半发酵茶）和普洱熟茶（全发酵茶）红外特征谱的异同。结果显示,三种茶叶的红外光谱比较相似,但由于发酵程度不同,三种茶中茶多酚类物质成分的含量不同,因而它们具有各自的红外特征谱。研究表明,茶叶的发酵程度与红外特征谱的1037cm^-1、1147cm^-1、1324cm^-1、1520cm^-1和1240cm^-1附近吸收峰的强度和峰形密切相关,根据上述红外光谱特征峰的吸光度和峰形,可以区分茶叶的发酵程度等。FTIR光谱法为不同发酵茶叶种类的鉴别,提供一种简便、快捷的方法。     

流动注射安培法检测紫菜中碘含量

利用电沉积法制备出稳定的多金属氧酸盐[H2bpy]2[{Cu（bpy）2}Mo5P2O23].4H2O膜修饰电极.该电极对溶液中的碘离子有良好的电催化氧化作用,已成功地应用于流动注射安培检测法对紫菜中碘含量的检测,该电极对碘离子线性响应范围为：2×10-5mol.L-1到1×10-3mol.L-1.最低检出限为：3×10-5 mol.L-1（信噪比为3）.表明对碘离子的测定线性范围宽,最低检出限低.该安培检测器具有样品不需预处理、不需富集及低检出限等特点.将其应用于紫菜中碘含量的检测,所得结果令人满意.     

Effects of inspiratory muscle training in professional women football players: a randomized sham-controlled trial

This study was conducted to determine the effects of inspiratory muscle training (IMT) on respiratory and peripheral muscles oxygenation during a maximal exercise tolerance test and on repeated-sprint ability (RSA) performance in professional women football players. Eighteen athletes were randomly assigned to one of the following groups: SHAM (n = 8) or IMT (n = 10). After a maximal incremental exercise test, all participants performed (on a different day) a time-to-exhaustion (Tlim) test. Peripheral and respiratory muscles oxygenation by near-infrared spectroscopy, breath-by-breath ventilatory and metabolic variables, and blood lactate concentration were measured. The RSA test was performed on a grass field. After a 6 week intervention, all athletes were reevaluated. Both groups showed increases in inspiratory muscles strength, exercise tolerance and RSA performance, however only the IMT group presented lower deoxyhemoglobin and total hemoglobin blood concentrations on intercostal muscles concomitantly to an increased oxyhemoglobin and total hemoglobin blood concentrations on vastus lateralis muscle during Tlim. In conclusion, these results may indicate the potential role of IMT to attenuate inspiratory muscles metaboreflex and consequently improve oxygen and blood supply to limb muscles during high-intensity exercise, with a potential impact on inspiratory muscle strength, exercise tolerance and sprints performance in professional women football players.     

不同颜色蚕豆的红外光谱研究

蚕豆是世界上第六大食用豆类作物,具有较高的营养价值和药用价值。蚕豆常见的颜色有白色和绿色,两者在口感上稍有区别,在经济价值上也不同,利用傅里叶变换红外光谱对同一产地同一年份的两种颜色的蚕豆进行光谱研究。结果表明,两种颜色的蚕豆在子叶的吸收峰上有区别。根据红外光谱的谱峰形状和位置,可以判断两种蚕豆的主要化学成分。利用该方法可以快速、简捷地区分两种蚕豆。     

No effect of upper body compression garments in elite flat-water kayakers

Abstract

While the effect of lower body compression garments on performance and physiological responses are well documented, no studies have examined the effect of upper body compression garments (UBCG) on upper-body dominant exercise. This study examined the effects of wearing UBCG on performance and physiological responses during simulated flat-water kayaking. Five male (mean values±s: 21.8±2.8 years; 83.5±9.2 kg; 63.0±5.5 ml·kg^?1·min^?1) and two female (mean values±s: 25.0±4.2 years; 71.4±2.7 kg; 51.0±4.8 ml·kg^-1·min^-1) elite flat-water kayakers completed a six-step incremental test followed by a four-minute maximal performance test (4minPT) in both UBCG and control (no shirt or sports training bra) conditions in a randomized counter-balanced order. Heart rate and oxygen consumption (O₂) as well as performance measures (power, distance covered, stroke rate) were recorded during the tests, and blood lactate was measured immediately after each incremental step and three minutes following the 4minPT. Near-infrared spectroscopy-derived measures of blood flow and oxygenation of the flexor carpi radialis were monitored continuously for all tests. No significant differences between the UBCG and control conditions were evident for any performance, cardiorespiratory or oxygenation measure across the incremental step test and 4minPT. It was concluded that wearing UBCG did not provide any significant physiological or performance benefits during simulated flat-water kayaking.     

Recovery of pulmonary diffusing capacity after maximal exercise

Abstract

Pulmonary diffusing capacity (Dl_co), together with spirometric variables, arterial oxygen tension (paO₂) and cardiac output were determined before and at intervals after maximal arm cranking, treadmill running and erogmeter rowing. Independent of the type of exercise, Dl_co increased immediately post‐exercise from a median 13.6 (range 7.3–16.3) to 15.1 (9.3–19.6) mmol min^‐1 kPa^‐1 (P <0.01). However, it decreased to 11.6 (6.9–15.5) mmol min^‐1 kPa^‐1 (P <0.01) after 24 h with cardiac output and paO₂ at resting values, and Dl_co normalized after 20 h. Thoracic electrical impedance at 2.5 and 100 kHz increased slightly post‐exercise, indicating a decrease in thoracic fluid balance, and there were no echocardiographic signs of left ventricular failure at the time of the decrease in Dl_co. Also, active muscle (limb) circumference and volume, and an increase in haematocrit from 43.8 (38.0–47.0) to 47.1 (42.7–49.8) (P <0.01), had normalized at the time of the decrease in Dl_co. Vital capacity, forced vital capacity, forced expiratory volume in 1 s, peak and peak mid‐expiratory flows did not change. However, total lung capacity increased from 6.8 (5.0–7.6) to 7.0 (5.1–7.8) litres (P <0.05) immediately after exercise and remained elevated at 6.9 (5.1–8.7) litres (P <0.05) when a decrease in Dl_co was noted. The results demonstrate that independent of the type of maximal exercise, an approximate 15% reduction in Dl_co takes place 2–3 h post‐exercise, which normalizes during the following day of recovery.     

Effects of Ventilation on Segmental Bioimpedance Spectroscopy Measures Using Generalizability Theory

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of three ventilation conditions (i.e., normal, regimented, and no-ventilation) on the reproducibility of bioimpedance scores in humans for the forearm and trunk segments. One hundred able-bodied North American men and women, from 18 to 71 years of age, volunteered as participants. The experimenters used a Xitron Bio-Impedance Analyzer System model 4200 instrument with Hydra software (Xitron Technologies, San Diego, California, USA) to collect bioimpedance data on extracellular fluid and intracellular fluid scores. The experimenters analyzed the data using the generalizability theory,with persons as the facet of differentiation and time as the facet of generalization. The major findings were (a) ventilation conditions did not have a significant impact on the reproducibility of the test scores, (b) the forearm segment produced consistently higher intracellular fluid generalizability coefficients across three ventilation conditions for both gender groups when compared to the trunk segment, (c) the trunk segment produced intracellular fluid generalizability coefficients that were higher for the male group, and (d) the measurement error affected extracellular fluid scores less than segmental intracellular fluid scores.     

N80钢在中性介质中垢下腐蚀机理的研究

碳钢管线在水的集输过程中常常发生了局部腐蚀,在NaHCO3-NaCl为中性介质的溶液里,研究侵蚀性阴离子对N80钢垢下腐蚀的机理以及腐蚀产物对电极电化学行为的影响。     

茂金属配合物[(η~5C_5H_4Si_2Me_5)MoMe(CO)_3]的振动光谱、电子结构及化学键研究

运用G98W,采用Lan12dz基组,对茂金属配合物[(η5 C5H4Si2Me5)MoMe(CO)3]进行从头算研究,探讨配合物结构单元的稳定性、分子轨道能量、原子净电荷布居规律,以及一些前沿分子轨道的组成特征等,结果表明,标题配合物结构在能量上是较稳定的,作为结构单元而存在。对标题配合物的振动基频进行了与实测红外光谱对比,归属了它们的振动频率,讨论了它们的特征基频,并对理论计算的振动频率进行了标度校正。     

维生素B12在玻碳电极上的电化学行为研究

在0．1mol／LHAc—NaAc缓冲溶液(pH=4．54)中，用循环伏安法可得到维生素B12的两个还原峰。峰电位EP1=-0．458V，EP2=-0．831V(vs．SCE)。实验表明，维生素B12在玻碳电极上的电极过程为一受吸附控制的不可逆过程。测得还原峰的电子转移系数为0．3，标准速率常数为ks=2．40s^-1。用该法测定了维生素B12针剂中维生素B12的含量，结果与标示含量相吻合。