近红外光谱术测量肌氧含量拐点方法的比较

随着运动强度逐渐增大,近红外光谱术测量的肌氧含量发生非线性变化的"拐点"可用于评价无氧阈。对赛艇运动员做渐增负荷运动时的肌氧含量和呼吸参数的变化进行了研究,旨在比较两种确定肌氧拐点的方法:1)基于氧合血红蛋白和还原血红蛋白的相对浓度差Δ[O2Hb-HHb]的变化趋势进行判断;2)利用还原血红蛋白的相对浓度Δ[HHb]的变化趋势确定。研究发现,这两种方法确定的肌氧拐点都与通气无氧阈显著相关(r=0.980,0.965;p<0.001);且两者间高度相关(r=0.985;p<0.001),无统计差异(p>0.05)。结果表明,这两种方法确定的肌氧拐点都可用于评价无氧阈。     

基于FDTD方法的等离子体天线参数的数值计算

利用时域有限差分法(FDTD)计算了柱状等离子体天线的辐射方向图,输入阻抗和辐射效率等重要参数,并且和金属天线进行比较.通过计算分析,表明等离子体天线的辐射方向图,输入阻抗,辐射效率会随着等离子体密度、碰撞频率等参数的变化而变化.一定条件下,等离子体天线可以取代金属天线,同时保留了辐射方向可控、快速开关等特点.计算结果对于等离子体天线的设计具有重要的参考价值.     

PEO-PPO-PEO嵌段共聚物的聚集行为及其在胶团萃取中的应用

从分子水平研究了PEO-PPO-PEO嵌段共聚物聚集过程中分子基团微环境和构象的变化.FTIR光谱给出了温度、溶剂、嵌段共聚物组成等影响PEO-PPO-PEO嵌段共聚物胶团结构的定量信息。用无机盐和脂肪醇调控PEO-PPO-PEO嵌段共聚物聚集,荧光光谱技术提供了降低PPO链段与水的相互作用,推动嵌段共聚物在水中胶团化的证据。用水凝胶包埋PEO-PPO-PEO嵌段共聚物,实现了萃取水中低浓度多环芳烃的工艺循环。     

印制线路的抗干扰设计

介绍了印制线路板中的几种常见的干扰现象及抗干扰措施。     

肾上腺素在0.5mol/LH_2SO_4溶液中电氧化反应特性的研究

:利用循环伏安法研究了肾上腺素在 0 .5mol LH2 SO4 溶液中铂电极上的电化学氧化反应 .结果表明 :在 0 .5mol LH2 SO4 溶液中铂电极上 ,肾上腺素的电氧化反应具有准可逆电荷跃迁的特征 ,其动力学参数 ,扩散系数 (DR)为 2 .75× 10 - 6 cm2 s ,异相电子转移速率常数 (ks)为 2 .2 7× 10 - 4cm s.     

聚合物电解质化学与电化学稳定性的研究

运用ＩＲ、ＤＳＣ和电化学测试等手段,对ＰＶＢ＋ＬｉＣｌＯ４＋ＰＣ组成的聚合物 电解质的化学和电化学稳定性作了初步的研究。本实验制备的聚合物电解颀在２５０℃以下的温度范围内,具有较好的热稳定性。由Ｐｔ／ＰＶＢ＋ＬｉＣｌＯ４＋ＰＣ／Ｌｉ组成的测试电池的开路电压为２．３Ｖ（ｖｓ．Ｌｉ＾＋／Ｌｉ）,并随时间延长而减小。聚合物电解质阳极过程的稳定性受到阴离子氧化电位的限制,在０～４．２Ｖ（ｖｓ．Ｌｉ＾＋／Ｌ     

When Glass and Metal Corrode Together,VI: Chalconatronite

ABSTRACT

Chalconatronite, Na₂[Cu(CO₃)]₂·3H₂O, is formed as a corrosion product when copper alloys are exposed to sodium carbonate solutions in the air. This also happens when metals come into contact with corroding soda glass which forms alkaline surface films in reaction with humidity from clean air. More often, substantial amounts of formaldehyde are present indoors which react to formate via the Cannizzarro reaction and accumulate over time in the films. Twenty cases of chalconatronite (including two mentioned in the literature) are reported as occurring on heritage objects with glass in contact with copper alloys: Baroque reliquaries with set glass gems, enamel on metal (sixteenth century and a modern replica of intentionally unstable composition), Christmas tree glass baubles with wires, glass buttons with metal shanks, a glass figure with a wire support, miners’ lamps, and a glass framed daguerreotype. These confirmed identifications might help conservators in investigating similar cases to shed more light on the formation conditions.     

Near-infrared spectroscopy-derived total haemoglobin as an indicator of changes in muscle blood flow during exercise-induced hyperaemia

ABSTRACT

Blood flow changes in response to exercise have been attributed, among other factors, to the effect of vasodilators factors on the microvasculature, suggesting a close relationship between small blood vessels and conducting arteries. The main purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between the changes in near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS)-derived total haemoglobin ([tHb]) and muscle oxygen saturation (SmO₂) signals and femoral artery blood flow in response to resistance exercise at fast- and slow-velocity muscle contraction. The study randomised crossover design included twelve participants. NIRS and blood flow measurements were continuously monitored before, during, and 5 min after the exercise protocol. There was a significant correlation between [tHb] reperfusion slope ([tHb]_slope) and peak blood flow (BF_peak) after slow- and fast-velocity muscle contraction (r = 0.83, p = 0.0008 and r = 0.72, p = 0.0080, respectively). No significant correlation existed between the SmO₂ reperfusion slope (SmO_{2_slope}) and BF_peak after both slow- and fast-velocity muscle contraction exercise (r = ?0.46, p = 0.1253 and r = 0.33, p = 0.2841, respectively). This study demonstrated a strong relationship between the NIRS-derived [tHb] and Doppler ultrasound BF during the recovery period of dynamic resistance exercise at both slow- and fast-velocity contraction.     

FTIR Measurement of Cellulose Microfibril Angle in Historic Scots Pine Wood and Its Use to Detect Fungal Decay

Microfibril angle (MFA) – the orientation of cellulose fibres in the S2 layer of the secondary cell wall – is a key determinant of the stiffness and strength of timber. The microfibril angle depends on the way in which the timber was grown and its position within the tree. Microfibril angle can be measured by X-ray diffraction and other methods, but the methods in current use are slow or require advanced instrumentation. The aim of this study was to explore the use of polarised Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) microscopy as a relatively fast and inexpensive method for measuring MFA in historic Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.). The FTIR measurements were calibrated against X-ray measurements of MFA in modern Scots pine. We observed a wide range in MFA values and a radial pattern of MFA similar to modern Scots pine in undecayed Scots pine heartwood from sixteenth and seventeenth century beams in Scottish secular buildings. The density of the heartwood was also similar to modern plantation-grown Scots pine despite the much slower growth rate recorded in the ring widths of the historic timber. The sapwood, which had been attacked by both insect pests and fungi, showed an erratic reduction in density and a large increase in MFA compared to the modern material. The increased sapwood MFA was attributed to selective destruction of the S2 layer of the wood cell walls by fungal decay. Using MFA measurements in conjunction with density offers the possibility to estimate the mechanical properties of sound historic pine timber, to detect fungal decay more sensitively than by density alone, and to distinguish between pest and fungal attack in a way that relates directly to the remaining mechanical performance of the timber.     

When Glass and Metal Corrode Together,V: Sodium Copper Formate

A sodium copper formate, first described in 2002, can also form on copper alloys with sodium originating from soda glass hydrolysis. The frequent occurrence (50% of 250 cases of glass-induced metal corrosion) is due to the presence of formaldehyde emissions in storage and its direct reaction to formate in the alkaline surface films. The compound can be produced without the presence of acetate when chalconatronite or metal coupons immersed in soda solution are exposed to formaldehyde vapours. The crystal structure, derived from X-ray powder diffraction, yielded the sum formula Cu₄Na₄O(HCOO)₈(OH)₂·4H₂O. Except for the absence of acetate in the structure, this is in good agreement with the 2002 publication. To assess which kind of combined glass/metal objects are affected, a number of large museum collections were surveyed. Sodium copper formate was detected as a corrosion product using mainly micro-Raman spectroscopy, for instance, on 18 painted Limoges enamels, eight glass vessels with metal mountings, glass beads on metal wire from 11 bridal crowns, nine Christmas tree balls with wire decoration, 40 pieces of jewellery with glass gems, three daguerreotypes, and one miniature with cover glasses.