‘Fractured communities’: uncertainty,stress, and (a lack of) communal coping in Palestinian refugee camps

This study examined how communal coping reveals itself in Palestinian refugee camps and the conditions that promote or prevent its occurrence. Individual and dyadic interviews were conducted with 40 mothers and one of their adolescent children living in Palestinian refugee camps in Lebanon. The results revealed that communal coping existed within the mother–adolescent dyad to a certain extent, but was rare within the larger context of the refugee camps. While families and neighbors did not typically verbalize their hardships and actively cope with them as a group, there was often an implicit recognition that they were all experiencing the same uncertainty and stress. Acting upon their uncertainty as a collective, however, was greatly hampered by mistrust within and outside the camps, due to widespread violence, privacy violations, vying for scarce resources, and disloyalty. Parents and adolescents also engaged in protective buffering whereby they attempted to reduce the stress of the family by keeping stress and fears to themselves rather than communicating about them. Even though protective buffering helped the refugees cope with chronic uncertainty and maintain a sense of normalcy, it prevented them from acting upon the problem as a group. Finally, parents emphasized that the child’s education provided hope for the future. Practical implications are discussed.     

Mothers’ and Fathers’ Roles in Caring for an Adult Child with an Intellectual Disability

To date, there have been few studies of mothers’ and fathers’ roles in caring for their adult children with intellectual disabilities. The present study investigated the care-giving roles of mother and father couples caring for their adult offspring with an intellectual disability, their psychological health, and the demands and satisfaction of their care-giving roles. Twelve Anglo-Australian middle-aged mother and father couples with an adult child with intellectual disability (mean age?=?24 years) participated in semi-structured interviews about their care-giving roles and completed a series of questionnaires pertaining to care-giving difficulties and satisfaction, hassles and uplifts, and general health. Findings indicated that an extremely high proportion of both mothers and fathers were in the clinical range for social dysfunction, anxiety/insomnia, and somatic complaints, although levels of depression were relatively low. The present study found that mothers undertake more daily care-giving tasks than fathers, but that the range of tasks is similar. Mothers also reported significantly more care-giving difficulties and satisfaction than fathers. Associations between measures differed somewhat for the two parent groups, indicating the need for further exploration of both mothers’ and fathers’ experiences.     

CoQ10 补充对青少年运动员血浆抗氧化系统的影响

目的:观察CoQ10补充对青少年运动员血浆抗氧化系统的影响.方法:24名进行耐力训练的男性青少年游泳运动员按有氧运动能力单盲随机分为Q组及P组,分别补充CoQ10 100mg/d或安慰剂28d.结果:(1)补充后Q组血浆CoQ10浓度显著增高,且显著高于P组;(2)恒定负荷运动后受试者的总体血浆CoQ10浓度较运动前显著降低;(3)补充后Q组安静血乳酸浓度的升高程度显著低于P组;(4)补充后Q组安静状态的血浆MDA水平无显著改变,且显著低于P组;(5)补充后Q组运动后即刻较安静状态血浆SOD活性的增加程度显著低于P组;(6)补充后安静状态下Q组血浆GPX活性的提高程度显著低于P组;(7)补充前后Q组与P组血浆CAT活性变化无组间差异.结论:急性耐力运动中机体对血浆CoQ10的需求增加;CoQ10补充可降低进行大强度耐力训练的青少年游泳运动员的脂质过氧化程度并能改善机能状态;CoQ10补充在急、慢性运动状态下协同不同抗氧化酶发挥抗氧化作用.     

Chlorogenic acid prevents acetaminophen-induced liver injury: the involvement of CYP450 metabolic enzymes and some antioxidant signals

Chlorogenic acid (CGA), a polyphenolic compound, is abundant in fruits, dietary vegetables, and some medicinal herbs. This study investigated the prevention of CGA against acetaminophen (AP)-induced hepatotoxicity and its engaged mechanisms. CGA reversed the decreased cell viability induced by AP in L-02 cells in vitro. In addition, CGA reduced the AP-induced increased serum levels of alanine/aspartate aminotransferase (ALT/AST) in vivo. The effect of CGA on cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymatic (CYP2E1, CYP1A2, and CYP3A4) activities showed that CGA caused very little inhibition on CYP2E1 and CYP1A2 enzymatic activities, but not CYP3A4. The measurement of liver malondialdehyde (MDA), reactive oxygen species (ROS), and glutathione (GSH) levels showed that CGA prevented AP-induced liver oxidative stress injury. Further, CGA increased the AP-induced decreased mRNA expression of peroxiredoxin (Prx) 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, epoxide hydrolase (Ephx) 2, and polymerase (RNA) II (DNA directed) polypeptide K (Polr2k), and nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 (Nrf2). In summary, CGA ameliorates the AP-induced liver injury probably by slightly inhibiting CYP2E1 and CYP1A2 enzymatic properties. In addition, cellular important antioxidant signals such as Prx1, 2, 3, 5, 6, Ephx2, Polr2k, and Nrf2 also contributed to the protection of CGA against AP-induced oxidative stress injury.     

运动应激性溃疡及其机制的实验研究

研究目的:探讨运动应激性胃溃疡的病理生理特点及其机制。材料和方法:健康雌性SD大鼠为实验材料,研究了大鼠运动应激性胃溃疡模型的建立,力竭性运动所致应激性胃溃疡的产生规律、表现形式及特点,运动应激性胃溃疡的产生机制。结果:①游泳组动物运动时间(167.1±63.33min)显著长于跑台跑组(40.71±30.34min)(P<0.05),胃溃疡分数显著升高(游泳组13.8±11.89;跑台跑组5.67±6.896)(P<0.05)。②力竭性游泳运动所致的运动应激性胃粘膜损伤,呈点状或条索状的出血或溃烂,多位于粘膜的皱褶处,且大多与胃的纵轴平行;扫描电镜显示胃粘膜细胞破坏严重,形成空泡状或碎片状。③大鼠力竭性游泳运动前后不同时间内胃粘膜损伤的分数分别为:运动前为0;后即刻为15.22±10.58;30分钟为15.75±4.35;后3小进为12.2±7.26;后24小时为0;后100小时为0。腹腔注射盐酸肾上腺素0.3ml(1mg/ml)前、后30分、3小时胃粘膜损伤分数分别为:0,20±5.26,20±6.32。也呈点状或条状出血或溃烂。④对照组大鼠胃组织内一氧化氮含量及一氧化氮合酶的活性分别为10.68±4.31μmol/gprotein和6.02±1.09U/mgprotein;实验组分别为17.79±9.24μmol/gprotein(P<0.05)和9.13±3.63U/mgprotein(P<0.05)。⑤力竭性游泳运动后即刻胃组织中的钙含量(898±153     

英汉语调对比

广义语调包括停顿、重音和升降三个方面。重音分为词重音和句重音。英汉两种语言均有词重音和句重音。英语句重音除受节奏影响外,还由语法重音和逻辑重音决定。重音在汉语语流中的意义区别作用不如在英语中的相应作用重要。英语中的句调多达七种,而且调值也与汉语的调值不同。以上原因造成中国学生学习英语时在节奏、句重音、语调升降位置和语调调值等几个方面容易出现困难。     

钢筋混凝土压力管道的断裂力学分析

工程上钢筋混凝土压力管道表面通常会出现裂缝，传统钢筋混凝土压力管道的抗裂计算是建立在连续体的假设基础上的，本以假设构件在开裂前存在宏观表面裂缝为基础，抗裂度定义为抵抗发生穿透裂缝进而引起裂缝失稳扩展，基于断裂力学理论对钢筋混凝土压力管道的断裂分析进行了初步探讨。     

单片机系统的电磁兼容性技术

单片机系统的电磁兼容性能是系统产品化的关键指标。本文讨论了单片机系统电磁兼容性的设计技术。     

人体适应能力结构维度的理论研究

反映中国人体质状况的国民体质监测已经成为我国的一项政府性工作,体质研究也已成为体育领域的研究热点.理论上人体体质包括形态结构、生理机能、身体素质及运动能力、心理因素和适应能力五个方面,但因测量方法的限制,在现行的国民体质监测指标中仅包括前三项内容.本研究通过文献资料法、访谈法和开放式调查法对体质理论中的适应能力进行了深入的理论研究,认为人体适应能力是人维持身体与内外环境间平衡的能力,具体指个体维持自身与其生存的自然环境、社会环境及生理环境间协调,最大限度地保持自身健康的能力.人体适应能力结构划分为三个维度:1) 对自然环境的适应(4个子维度);2) 对社会环境的适应(3个子维度);3) 对自身生理性改变的适应及对疾病的抵抗能力(4个子维度).     

重金属胁迫对甘蓝型油菜叶绿素的影响

研究了不同浓度Hg2 、Cd2 、Pb2 、Cr2 处理对甘蓝型油菜黔油12号、黔油14号、黔油18号叶绿素含量的影响。在Hg2 、Cd2 、Pb2 、Cr2 胁迫下,随着重金属浓度的增加,处理时间的延长,油菜叶绿素总量有下降趋势。三个油菜品种中,黔油18号对重金属耐受性最强,黔油14号耐受性最差。