印度农村初等教育教师在职培训机会差异研究

随着义务教育的普及,印度农村师资的需求不断扩大,因此通过各种渠道招募了不同素质水平的教师。为了提高教育教学质量,印度政府从中央到地方采取不同措施开展教师在职培训。在农村初等教育教师在职培训中存在诸如机会的区域差异、学段差异、办学主体差异、性别差异等问题。印度政府解决农村教师培训机会问题的对策对于思考我国基础教育中农村教师的培训问题有着一定的启示。     

A short German Physical-Self-Concept Questionnaire for elementary school children (PSCQ-C): Factorial validity and measurement invariance across gender

Research on children’s physical self-concept (PSC) is increasingly recognised as an important field of psychology. However, there is a lack of instruments suitable for younger children at elementary school age. In the present study, a short German 21-item Physical Self-Concept-Questionnaire for children (PSCQ-C) was tested measuring seven specific facets of elementary school children’s PSC (strength, endurance, speed, flexibility, coordination, physical appearance, global sport competence). A number of 770 elementary school children aged 8–12 years completed the PSCQ-C. Results showed good psychometric properties and high reliabilities of the seven scales. Confirmatory factor analysis revealed that the presumed 7-factor model fitted the data best compared to a global 1- and 2-factor model. Also, full measurement invariance was strongly established. Correlations among the seven scales were mainly moderate. Gender differences were suggestive of developmental trends that are consistent with prior studies. These results provide support that the PSCQ-C is a confidential instrument with sound psychometric properties measuring seven specific facets of elementary school children’s PSC.     

Sexual dimorphism in bone–muscle relationship in young adults

The purpose of this study was to analyse associations between lean soft tissue (LST), a surrogate of skeletal muscle mass and key fracture-related geometric characteristics of the proximal femur. Moreover, we examined the role that muscle played on the proximal femur geometry in response to physical activity (PA). Participants were 83 young adults. Leg LST (exposure) was assessed by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Proximal femur geometry was derived from a left hip DXA scan. Geometric variables (outcomes) included the femoral neck axis length (FNAL), the femoral neck width (FNW), the neck–shaft angle and FNW|FNAL (an index of robustness). PA was evaluated by accelerometry. Linear regression was used to analyse relationships. Additional exposure variables included body height and mass. In males, leg LST explained 17.4% of variation in FNAL (P < 0.001) and 15% in FNW (P = 0.015). In females, it explained 8.8% of the variance in FNAL (P = 0.020). Associations remained significant in males, but not in females, when vigorous PA was added to the models. These results suggest that public health approaches to promote PA may be particularly important in females since vigorous PA seems to convey advantages in femur geometry and consequently in bone strength.     

Three-Year Study of Students’ Attitudes Toward Physical Education: Grades 4–8

Purpose: A relationship exists between attitudes toward physical education and future physical activity. The purpose of this study was to examine changes in attitude toward physical education as students progressed from upper elementary school (Grade 4) through middle school (Grade 8). Method: Three cohorts of students (Cohort 1, Grades 4–6, n = 96; Cohort 2, Grades 5–7, n = 71; and Cohort 3, Grades 6–8, n = 73) were each followed for 3 years to examine changes in attitudes toward physical education. Results: After an initial increase from Grade 4 to Grade 5, a significant decrease was observed from Grades 5 to 8 in students’ positive attitudes toward physical education, with a faster rate of change for girls than boys. Conclusion: This longitudinal study provides further insights regarding the attitudes of students as they progress from Grade 4 to Grade 8 and expands on previous findings identifying decreasing positive attitudes toward physical education as students age, particularly for girls. The results provide evidence to support targeted interventions.     

Knots in the Fourth Dimension

ABSTRACT

The article analyses a debate that preoccupied the Russian press in the winter of 1878/9. Writers, journalists and scientists discussed whether mathematics could explain spiritualist séance phenomena. At its core, this was an assessment of social change and a debate about the ambiguity of modern life. While spiritualists hoped to bridge the divide between science and religion, subjectivity and objectivity, their opponents feared that séance phenomena and modern mathematics undermined a rationalist world-view that was endowed with reliability and universal truth. That no agreement could be reached indicates that the post-reform public sphere had become truly pluralist and modern.     

中小学图书馆(室)事业的现状与思考--鸡西市中小学图书馆(室)调查报告

本文在对鸡西市中小学图书馆(室)建设的调查分析基础上,提出了整改措施,以促进中小学图书馆(室)的健康发展。     

"三线共点"的常用证明方法

从仿射几何学与射影几何学的基本方法出发,简述了"三线共点"问题的一些基本的证明方法.     

奥运文化在学校体育中教育价值的实证与对策

以雅典奥运会中国与国外运动员部分夺冠场景为实验信源(剪辑),采用文献资料、问卷调查和数理统计等方法,探究奥运文化在学校中传播的意义,与学生体育学习动机和行为关系,以及爱国主义教育关系等,以此来证明奥运人文要素的教育价值。     

西部地区中小学学校体育课程体系现状与对策

运用文献资料、数理统计、逻辑分析等方法,对我国西部地区学校体育教学发展的现状进行了研究,针对存在的问题,提出改进我国西部地区学校体育课程体系的对策和建议,构建具有西部地区特色的学校体育课程体系,为当前西部地区中小学体育教育改革提供参考意见。     

铜仁地区农村基础教育现状分析与对策思考——以万山特区黄道乡为例

当前,铜仁地区基础教育尤其是农村基础教育仍很薄弱。本文在实地调查的基础上,结合该区农村基础教育的现状,试从不同角度分析农村基础教育存在的问题,并针对这些问题提出了若干建议。