Teachers＇ Opinion Concerning Common Exams Administered in Elementary Schools

The common exams that have been administered in elementary school since 2007-2008 academic year are inter-classes mid-term evaluations. With these exams, measuring the teachers＇ performance as well as revealing the differences among the classes are aimed at. Therefore, evaluating these exams in terms of teachers＇ opinions is essentially important to realize the aim mentioned above. This study aims to get the teachers＇ considerations on common exams, if any, to determine the problems and their solutions related with common exams. Case study, one of the qualitative research methods, has been used in this research. The research group is consisted of 60 teachers working in a variety of elementary schools in Ankara province in 2009-2010 academic year. The interview form, prepared by the researcher, was administered to elementary school teachers in research group. The interview form was structured to explore teachers＇ views on common exams by using five questions. The content analysis was used in order to analyze, sort and quantify the written and verbal data. At the end of the study, it is stated that according to the teachers, the purpose of the common exams is to state the level of classes and the cooperation between classes and to determine whether the objectives of the courses has been achieved. It is concluded difficulties in giving lectures synchronously in school, non-existence of cooperation between teachers and having difficulties during the preparation of the exam questions are the main problems, which teachers faced with. Teachers participated in the interviews emphasized the advantages of the common exams rather than disadvantages of it.     

高职艺术设计专业基础课改革的探讨

在艺术设计教学中,存在着专业基础课与专业设计课脱节、重技能轻创意等问题。这种情况,已明显不符合整个设计教学和时代的要求。面对当前设计专业知识更新之快,要培养与时俱进的设计师,就必须改革专业基础课教学,重视学生创新思维的开发。     

The Effects of a Kit-Based Science Curriculum and Intensive Science Professional Development on Elementary Student Science Achievement

The science achievement of 226 5th graders from districts that have a kit-based inquiry science curriculum supported by intensive professional development (PD) is compared with data from a group of 173 5th graders from other districts that use nonkit science materials and do not have systematic science PD for teachers. Within the kit-based project, the sample of project teachers is stratified to select teachers with a high number of science PD hours versus those with few hours. While there were no significant differences in the mean total scores for kit-based students with low PD versus high PD teachers, the kit-based classrooms scored significantly higher than students in nonkit classrooms on both the pretest and posttest, though there were significantly more minutes of science instruction in the nonkit classrooms. Finally, nonkit teachers taught more units of shorter length and reported lower levels of preparedness to use reform pedagogical approaches.     

关于分块乘法的初等变换及其应用举例

该文阐述了分块乘法和初等变换相结合在矩阵计算中的广泛应用.     

Yangxueqingnao particles inhibit rat vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation induced by lysophosphatidic acid

Objective: To observe the effect of Yangxueqingnao particles on rat vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation induced by lysophosphatidic acid (LPA). Methods: The amount of3H-TdR (3H-thymidine) admixed in cultured rat VSMC was measured and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activity and lipid peroxidation end product malondialdehyde (MDA)content of the VSMC were assayed. Results: 1×10-9, 1×10-8, 1×10-7 mol/L LPA in a concentration dependent manner, induced the amount of 3H-TdR admixed, MAP kinase activity, and MDA content of the cultured rat VSMC to increase. However, 5%, 10%,and 15% Yangxueqingnao serum preincubation resulted in a decrease of 23.0%, 42.0%, and 52.0% (P＜0.01) respectively in the amount of 3H-TdR admixed, a decline in VSMC MAP kinase activity of 13.9% (P＜0.05), 29.6% (P＜0.01), and 48.9% (P＜0.01)respectively, and also, a decrease in MDA content of VSMC of 19.4%, 24.7%, and 43.2% (P＜0.01) respectively, in the 1×10-7mol/L LPA-treated VSMC. Conclusions: LPA activates the proliferation and lipid peroxidation of VSMC in a concentration dependent manner. The LPA-induced VSMC proliferation is related to the activity of MAP kinases, enzymes involved in an intracellular signalling pathway. The results of the present study showed that Yangxueqingnao particles can effectively inhibit LPA-induced VSMC proliferation, MAP kinase activation, and reduce lipid peroxidative lesion.     

四川农村教师队伍建设的困境成因与对策分析

教育是建设社会主义新农村的基础工程，农村教师队伍建设已成为制约四川省农村基础教育发展的瓶颈。面对建设社会主义新农村的新形势和全面实施素质教育的新要求，应结合四川省教育实际，切实抓好农村教育改革和发展的工作重点，突出体制机制改革和创新，大力加强农村学校教师队伍建设，推进四川省社会主义新农村建设。     

台州市基础教育阶段师资需求预测

20世纪80年代后期,台州市出现了一次生育高峰,这使得“十五”期间台州市基础教育学龄人口在数量和结构上出现了超常规的波动。此波动对21世纪初台州市基础教育发展产生了一定的影响,在基础教育的不同阶段,师资的需求规模、速度和层次等方面都将发生很大变化,“十五”期间台州市师范教育发展的思路需要作出适当的调整。     

Selection for special education services: the role of gender and socio-economic status

Children from some demographic groups disproportionately receive special education (SE) services. Due to methodological shortcoming in existing work, it remains unclear whether this is due to real differences in academic needs or cultural selection/bias. Hence, in a community sample of 1250 Norwegian children, we examined the role of third grade SE services, academic test scores, behavioural problems, and teacher’s level of helplessness in mediating the effect of family socio-economic status (SES) and students’ gender on fifth-grade SE services. Results revealed no direct effects of either gender or SES on fifth-grade SE, but four mediated pathways were identified: (1) Boys had a greater likelihood of receiving fifth-grade SE services when (a) they previously received SE and (b) they experienced more ADHD symptoms, both in third grade. (2) Students from low-SES families were more likely to receive SE services in fifth grade when (a) they performed poorly in math in third grade and (b) their teacher reported greater feelings of helplessness when teaching these students. The findings are discussed with respect to the differential-needs hypothesis, mechanisms of cultural selection and the possibility of gendered selection for SE at younger ages.     

中小学教师继续教育工程实施中的问题与对策

以基础教育课程改革为核心内容的中小学教师继续教育工程自实施以来，主要存在认识不足，行为不到住，师资培训等方面的问题，本文针对此提出了相应的对策。