从同质公平到差异公平——美国基础教育财政政策中公平理念的转变、应用与启示

20世纪90年代后期,美国基础教育财政体制实现了从“公平性财政”向“充足性财政”的转变。从“公平性财政”到“充足性财政”凸显了内涵于美国基础教育财政政策中公平理念从同质向差异的转化,这种从同质公平向差异公平的理念转化具体表现为美国基础教育财政政策中“充足性财政政策”的产生和运用。“充足性财政政策”降低了美国基础教育中的财政分配不公平程度,为中国的义务教育财政改革提供了借鉴可能。     

基础教育阶段英语教师的课堂结课艺术

作为课堂教学的最后一个环节,结课艺术对语言教师的课堂教学效果起着画龙点睛的作用。好的结课是巩固课堂教学内容、保证教学效果和开发学生智力的良机。本文论述了结课艺术在英语课堂教学中的作用,探讨了归纳总结、竞赛、激励、首尾呼应等艺术性的结课方法,从而给广大语言教师提供了有用的教学启示。     

Equatorial aurora: the aurora-like airglow in the negative magnetic anomaly

The most fantastic optical phenomena in the Earth''s upper atmosphere are the auroras. They are highly informative indicators of solar activity, geomagnetic activity, upper atmospheric structures and dynamics, and magnetospheric energetic particles. An area where the geomagnetic field differs significantly from the expected symmetric dipole, such as at the South Atlantic Anomaly, where the magnetic field intensity is low, gives rise to stronger precipitation of energetic particles into the upper atmosphere. Impact excitation and the subsequent airglow emissions exhibit aurora-like dynamic signatures. Nomenclatures of nonpolar aurora or equatorial auroras are similar to those used with the polar auroras owing to their similar excitation mechanisms. This paper provides an overview of the knowledge and the challenges concerning auroral activity at the South Atlantic Anomaly, or more generally, at the negative magnetic anomaly. We emphasize systematic investigation of the equatorial auroras to reveal the temporal and spatial evolution of the magnetic anomaly and the behaviour of energetic particles in near-Earth space.     

高师"初等几何研究"课程改革的实践与认识

针对基础教育改革的现实和高师"初等几何研究"课程存在的问题,就本课程的改革进行了探索.具体从课程体系方面:突出学生利用几何知识进行问题解决和几何建模的能力等;从教学内容方面:强调高初结合和对中学几何知识缺陷的补充等;从教学模式方面:高师数学课堂的"自主·合作·创造"模式三方面对改革的实践进行了总结.     

Facilitators and Barriers to Movement Integration in Elementary Classrooms: A Systematic Review

Purpose: A systematic review was conducted to identify facilitators and barriers to movement integration (MI) in elementary school classrooms. Method: Online databases (Educational Resources Information Center, Google Scholar, PsycINFO, and PubMed) served as data sources for the study. Following the PRISMA guidelines, relevant published research on MI was identified and screened for inclusion in a qualitative synthesis. Content analysis of the included articles (N = 28) was used to identify themes of MI facilitators and barriers. Facilitators and barriers were then categorized using a social-ecological framework. Results: A total of 12 themes of MI facilitators and barriers were identified and categorized into two social-ecological levels: institutional factors (e.g., administrative support, resources) and intrapersonal factors (e.g., teacher confidence, ease of implementation). Conclusion: This review can inform research and practice aimed at supporting the implementation of MI in elementary classrooms.     

关于山西基础教育现代化若干问题的思考

基础教育现代化是山西“十一五”期间教育发展的基本目标。2005年～2019年15年基础教育现代化的阶段目标及山西基础教育现代化标准的制定和实施策略的提出,对加快山西基础教育现代化进程具有积极的意义。     

中小学教育评价中以人为本的理念

当前,世界各国都在根据时代变化纷纷进行教育改革,由此促使了教育评价的调整,以适应变化了的教育培养目标对人才素质提出的新要求。以人为本的评价理论在评价的过程中体现了重视人的发展性原则这一根本思想。发展性评价强调给学生多次评价的机会,重视对象在过程中的转变,在形成终结性评价之前,评价主体会对评价对象指导帮助,并给以再次改正、修正的机会。     

印度农村初等教育教师在职培训机会差异研究

随着义务教育的普及,印度农村师资的需求不断扩大,因此通过各种渠道招募了不同素质水平的教师。为了提高教育教学质量,印度政府从中央到地方采取不同措施开展教师在职培训。在农村初等教育教师在职培训中存在诸如机会的区域差异、学段差异、办学主体差异、性别差异等问题。印度政府解决农村教师培训机会问题的对策对于思考我国基础教育中农村教师的培训问题有着一定的启示。     

A short German Physical-Self-Concept Questionnaire for elementary school children (PSCQ-C): Factorial validity and measurement invariance across gender

Research on children’s physical self-concept (PSC) is increasingly recognised as an important field of psychology. However, there is a lack of instruments suitable for younger children at elementary school age. In the present study, a short German 21-item Physical Self-Concept-Questionnaire for children (PSCQ-C) was tested measuring seven specific facets of elementary school children’s PSC (strength, endurance, speed, flexibility, coordination, physical appearance, global sport competence). A number of 770 elementary school children aged 8–12 years completed the PSCQ-C. Results showed good psychometric properties and high reliabilities of the seven scales. Confirmatory factor analysis revealed that the presumed 7-factor model fitted the data best compared to a global 1- and 2-factor model. Also, full measurement invariance was strongly established. Correlations among the seven scales were mainly moderate. Gender differences were suggestive of developmental trends that are consistent with prior studies. These results provide support that the PSCQ-C is a confidential instrument with sound psychometric properties measuring seven specific facets of elementary school children’s PSC.     

Three-Year Study of Students’ Attitudes Toward Physical Education: Grades 4–8

Purpose: A relationship exists between attitudes toward physical education and future physical activity. The purpose of this study was to examine changes in attitude toward physical education as students progressed from upper elementary school (Grade 4) through middle school (Grade 8). Method: Three cohorts of students (Cohort 1, Grades 4–6, n = 96; Cohort 2, Grades 5–7, n = 71; and Cohort 3, Grades 6–8, n = 73) were each followed for 3 years to examine changes in attitudes toward physical education. Results: After an initial increase from Grade 4 to Grade 5, a significant decrease was observed from Grades 5 to 8 in students’ positive attitudes toward physical education, with a faster rate of change for girls than boys. Conclusion: This longitudinal study provides further insights regarding the attitudes of students as they progress from Grade 4 to Grade 8 and expands on previous findings identifying decreasing positive attitudes toward physical education as students age, particularly for girls. The results provide evidence to support targeted interventions.