大学教学中投影依赖及其矫正

多媒体投影技术由于形象、直观、生动、信息量大,在现代教学中得到了越来越广泛的应用。但作为一种新的教学手段,在实际应用中存在许多问题需要探讨和解决,特剐是教师对其产生依赖时,它的优势就会变成劣势。因此,我们必须确立师生在教学中的主体地位,明白是在运用投影技术进行教学,而不是为投影技术而教学。     

Rapid phenotypic evolution with shallow genomic differentiation during early stages of high elevation adaptation in Eurasian Tree Sparrows

Known as the ‘third polar region’, the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau represents one of the harshest highland environments in the world and yet a number of organisms thrive there. Previous studies of birds, animals and humans have focused on well-differentiated populations in later stages of phenotypic divergence. The adaptive processes during the initial phase of highland adaptation remain poorly understood. We studied a human commensal, the Eurasian Tree Sparrow, which has followed human agriculture to the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Despite strong phenotypic differentiation at multiple levels, in particular in muscle-related phenotypes, highland and lowland populations show shallow genomic divergence and the colonization event occurred within the past few thousand years. In a one-month acclimation experiment investigating phenotypic plasticity, we exposed adult lowland tree sparrows to a hypoxic environment and did not observe muscle changes. Through population genetic analyses, we identified a signature of polygenic adaptation, whereby shifts in allele frequencies are spread across multiple loci, many of which are associated with muscle-related processes. Our results reveal a case of positive selection in which polygenic adaptation appears to drive rapid phenotypic evolution, shedding light on early stages of adaptive evolution to a novel environment.     

对工程制图中立体表面作点的投影的教学探讨

文章针对高职类《工程制图》课程教学中有关＂立体表面作点的投影＂部分的内容,提出更为有效、更容易让学生接受和掌握的新的方法,即四步法。并且通过实例分别介绍一般位置平面、球面、圆锥面等常见的几种位置表面上作点的投影的方法。     

高原低氧环境复合健身运动下人体HDL-C与LDL-C指标的变化及其影响

目的：针对世居高平原45～55岁的人群,观察高原低氧环境健身运动对其血脂HDL-C、LDL-C的影响,以期为促进高平原人群健康提供参考依据。方法：研究对象分为高原实验组（高原组、平原组）和对照组三组。实验方法分为高原和平原实验两部分,实验期共7周,其中适应期1周,实验期3周,观察期3周。实验组在青海多巴（2366m,2周）、天峻（3480~3700m,1周）集中进行高原训练,每周采集1次指标。对照组在陕西户县余下镇（395m）采取集中训练、非集中住宿的方式进行健身锻炼,在实验初期、末期和观察末期采集指标3次。结果：男子高原组、平原组的HDL-C均呈下降趋势,且高原组下降非常显著（P<0.01）,对照组则呈显著上升（P<0.05）。女子平原组HDL-C呈下降趋势,高原组、对照组均有所增长。男子高原组、平原组LDL-C呈上升趋势,对照组呈下降趋势。女子高原组LDL-C上升水平非常显著（P<0.01）,平原组LDL-C呈上升趋势,对照组则下降显著（P<0.05）。男子高原组LDL-C/HDL-C值在标准范围内表现出上升趋势,平原组上升显著（P<0.05）,对照组在观察末期显著下降（P<0.05）。女子高原组LDL-C/HDL-C值在标准范围内呈现上升趋势,平原组上升显著（P<0.05）,而对照组在标准范围内显著下降（P<0.05）。结论：在高原进行健身锻炼时应注意控制饮食以及掌握好高原健身运动的负荷量和强度,同时,应适当考虑延长在高原居留时间。     

基于稀疏表示的人脸识别算法

近年来,人脸识别一直是计算机视觉和模式识别领域一个很热门研究课题。随着压缩感知理论的发展,稀疏表示已经成功应用于人脸识别。文章系统地综述了人脸识别的研究现状、系统,并重点介绍了基于稀疏表示的人脸识别算法及求解,最后对人脸识别算法存在的问题以及发展进行了展望。     

Identification of Chinese dark jargons in Telegram underground markets using context-oriented and linguistic features

When cybercriminals communicate with their customers in underground markets, they tend to use secure and customizable instant messaging (IM) software, i.e. Telegram. It is a popular IM software with over 700 million monthly active users (MAU) up to June 2022. In recent years, more and more dark jargons (i.e. an innocent-looking replacement of sensitive terms) appear frequently on Telegram. Therefore, jargons identification is one of the most significant research perspectives to track online underground markets and cybercrimes. This paper proposes a novel Chinese Jargons Identification Framework (CJI-Framework) to identify dark jargons. Firstly, we collect chat history from Telegram groups that are related to the underground market and construct the corpus TUMCC (Telegram Underground Market Chinese Corpus), which is the first Chinese corpus in jargons identification research field. Secondly, we extract seven brand-new features which can be classified into three categories: Vectors-based Features (VF), Lexical analysis-based Features (LF), and Dictionary analysis-based Features (DF), to identify Chinese dark jargons from commonly-used words. Based on these features, we then run a statistical outlier detection to decide whether a word is a jargon. Furthermore, we employ a word vector projection method and a transfer learning method to improve the effect of the framework. Experimental results show that CJI-Framework achieves a remarkable performance with an F1-score of 89.66%. After adaptation for English, it performs better than state-of-the-art English jargons identification method as well. Our built corpus and code have been publicly released to facilitate the reproduction and extension of our work.     

用于声学回波抵消的自适应滤波算法

介绍了回波抵消器的原理和功能,详细阐述了现在广泛应用于回波抵消的各种自适应滤波算法,如变步长LMS,FTF,FAP等,并指出各种算法的特点.最后通过M atlab仿真,比较上述各种算法的性能,包括算法的复杂度和收敛速度,指明了各种算法的适用范围：变步长适用于对收敛速度要求不高的场所;FTF适用于采样率不大的语音处理设备中;AP类算法兼有收敛速度快和运算量较小的优点.     

组合套期保值的投影分析

把现货资产价格投影到期货资产价格所张成的线性子空间上，讨论在组合套期保值中现货资产价格的风险分解、套期保值率和套期保值效率等问题，为套期保值提供一些理论依据。     

一种高纬度区域船舶偏航距离的高精度求解算法

为提高船舶偏航距离的求解精度,设计一种迭代求解的方法,并与基于墨卡托投影的欧氏距离算法(算法1)和基于墨卡托投影的直接求解算法(算法2)进行比较,发现上述两种算法都存在误差。为此,提出一种基于正轴等距方位投影的直接求解算法(算法3)。验证结果表明:船舶在高纬度区域航行时,算法3比算法1和2对偏航距离的求解精度更高、速度更快。算法可应用于船舶运动控制、进出港操纵、航道规划和航线设计。     

几种插值方法在风压测试中的应用

为了获得现场实测和风洞实验中测点较为稀疏地区的风压系数,以及弥补"坏点"造成的数据缺失问题,引入地理信息系统中有关数字高程模型的理念.以某单坡屋面为例,将实测结果进行网格化处理,并用风压系数代替高程数值,利用多种类型的插值方式获取待估位置的风压系数,最后分析对比不同方法的计算精度.结果表明克里格方法效果最好.