香港图书馆中文名称规范数据库的建设及经验

介绍香港图书馆界目前正建设的“中文（著者）规范数据库”（HKCAN）的目标、特色等，分析它与国际名称规范系统和其它中文名称规范系统的联系与合作前景，通过揭示HKCAN的成功经验，为内地图书馆界建设中文图书名称规范数据库提供参考。     

瘦身与强体:谈《监督法》的为与不为

倍受各界关注的《监督法》终于2006年8月份通过,可谓20年坚修终成正果,那么何以如此?它规定的监督权行使原则、监督主体、监督对象及监督内容与人们一直关注的监督法相比有哪些变化?这背后的原因与深意为何?下面将试解释之.     

大学学术权力之“困”——基于高校行政权力强化合理性的视角

行政权力的“正义”地位与学术权力主导地位,是构建和谐高校权力系统的前提,而大学权威结构层次划分不合理、高校资源行政“计划”色彩过重、知识分子分化是导致学术权力弱化的主要原因。学术权力主导地位的确立,必须以教师的自主性为基础,以物质“硬环境”与文化“软环境”给与学术群体优势地位为必要保证。     

中文人名名称规范档与维基百科的链接

[目的/意义]研究利用维基百科条目的丰富信息来补充完善当前中文名称规范档附加信息不足、名称难以准确区分的问题。[方法/过程]探讨网络环境下个人名称规范档的部分缺陷和维基百科相应的优势,重点阐述维基百科的接口Media Wiki API,并从两个方面探讨实现个人名称规范档与维基百科的链接应用:一是实现从名称规范档到维基百科的链接,二是动态生成个人简介,为名称规范档提供必要的信息来源。[结果/结论]集成维基百科的资源实现中文名称规范档信息的自我完善,有效地建立中文人名名称规范档与维基百科的链接,有助于个人名称的识别与检索。     

论检察权的性质

自新中国建立检察制度以来,检察权的属性之争便从未停止,主要有行政权说、司法权说、双重属性说还有法律监督权说等等。然而结合中国国情以及司法实践和宪政体制,我国检察权应当只有公诉权的性质,检察机关的职权也应当根据其性质重新配置。     

The Role of Endurance Contests in the Construction of Authority and Social Order in Rural China: Cases in the Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China

By investigating four cases from the Qing Dynasty (1622–1911) and from the Republic of China (1911–1949), it was found that inter-village disputes normally arose because of uneven distribution of public resources in China's rural society. To settle the disputes, villagers tended to apply civil mediation, normally conducting endurance contests, rather than seek governmental arbitration. The authority and social order was thereby based on endurance contests. Conducting such contests was certainly advantageous to larger villages in their quest for more public resources. However, it simultaneously restricted their privatization of public resources, as the smaller villagers were able to equally raise their voices to resist them and to obtain their own public resources by proposing and participating in endurance contests. Although originally it was an unfair way of settling the disputes over uneven distribution of public resources in rural China, it gave hope to the disadvantaged to protect their own rights and interests at a time when governmental arbitration could not be relied upon.     

台湾地区乡村治理中的平权特点及其启示

中国台湾地区的乡村自治经历多次变革,形成治理成本低而收益高的平权式治理模式。它具有村级公共权力分配的合理性、乡镇权力的延伸性、村民权利的现实性等特点。这对当下中国大陆地区村民自治的改革中的公共权力分配、乡镇与村组织的衔接、法律法规的完善和民间组织的发展等具有一定启示意义。     

权威理性化视域下的近代中国政制转型

政治权威的转变、政治权势的转移,既是政治、社会变动的必然产物,又极大地影响了政治和社会变动的进程。纵观近代中国政治现代化的发展过程,政治权威理性化的演变是近代中国政治发展的一条主脉络。从太平天国革命、戊戌维新、清末新政到辛亥革命,政治建设、政治变革均因其制度选择和权威变化与西方民主制度的本质要求不符而遭失败。历史经验表明,在政治现代化进程中,权威的理性化、世俗化发展是政治发展的先导和条件。任何一个稳固的政权,既要有足够强大的权力,也要有必需的权威。前者是建立在强制的基础上的,后者则是建立在自愿服从的基础上的。也就是说,一个政权在拥有强大的使人服从的强制性手段的同时,还应能赢得人们自愿的服从,这样才是稳固的、持久的。     

Enlightened paternalism: the prohibition of corporal punishment in Spanish public schools in the nineteenth century

In order to analyse the cultural values of Spanish liberalism, this paper describes the prohibition of corporal punishment in secondary education. The evolution of education laws and codes during the nineteenth century reveals great hope and confidence in building up an academic authority based exclusively on the power of reason and capable of ruling an ordered society. However, the study of documents found in the Instituto de Valencia historical archives highlights the difficulty of maintaining discipline as well as managing the political motivations of rebellious students, who demanded more autonomy from the academic authority.     

Differences in representations of Japanese name authority data among CJK countries and the Library of Congress

This study aims to compare representations of Japanese personal and corporate name authority data in Japan, South Korea, China (including Hong Kong and Taiwan), and the Library of Congress (LC) in order to identify differences and to bring to light issues affecting name authority data sharing projects, such as the Virtual International Authority File (VIAF). For this purpose, actual data, manuals, formats, and case reports of organizations as research objects were collected. Supplemental e-mail and face-to-face interviews were also conducted. Subsequently, five check points considered to be important in creating Japanese name authority data were set, and the data of each organization were compared from these five perspectives. Before the comparison, an overview of authority control in Chinese, Japanese, Korean-speaking (CJK) countries was also provided. The findings of the study are as follows: (1) the databases of China and South Korea have mixed headings in Kanji and other Chinese characters; (2) few organizations display the correspondence between Kanji and their yomi; (3) romanization is not mandatory in some organizations and is different among organizations; (4) some organizations adopt representations in their local language; and (5) some names in hiragana are not linked with their local forms and might elude a search.