Dynamic Human-Centered Communication Systems Theory

This article introduces Dynamic Human-Centered Communication Systems Theory (DHCCST), defining communication as a complex dynamic system consisting of a human, a message, a medium, and a location. An argument is made that all elements of the system should be defined from a human centric viewpoint. The article reconceptualizes humans as evolved, embedded, embodied brains (EEEBs). Media are reconceptualized as brain-like creatures (BLCs). Communication is defined as the interaction of one or more EEEBs with other EEEBs or with BLCs. Medium of carriage and encoding system are reconceptualized along continua ranging from evolved to man-made. Examples of hypotheses arising from DHCCST are presented and some theories and effects are reinterpreted using this new perspective.     

具身认知领域研究热点与前沿演进——基于CiteSpace的可视化分析

该文采用CiteSpace文献计量法,选取CNKI与WOS数据库对国内外近20年来具身认知领域的研究内容进行可视化分析,对比、探究国内外具身认知领域的发展趋势、研究热点及前沿演进,并对具身效应研究现状进行大数据分析,以期为该领域的未来发展方向提供参考。     

独立人格对冯雪峰文艺理论的影响

冯雪峰是现代中国颇为卓然自立的文艺理论家,他的文艺理论思想深受其独立人格精神的影响。这可以从几个角度去考察：知人论世地评价同时代文艺界人物、主观能动的文艺实践观及文艺独立自由观等。同时,冯雪峰在文艺理论界的贡献,特别是在鲁迅研究方面的成就,也可从中管窥一斑。     

‘Sitting on embers’: a phenomenological exploration of the embodied experiences of inclusion of newly arrived students in Sweden

What can we learn from and with the body in order to understand more about the (lived) experiences of newly arrived students in schools? This question has hitherto been given little attention in relation to the field of migration and education. Using the perspective of Ahmed's critical feminist phenomenology, this article aims to explore the embodied experiences of the different contexts that newly arrived students encounter in a rural monolingual school in Sweden. The empirical data are based on participant observation conducted in introductory and mainstream classrooms, as well as interviews undertaken with newly arrived students during a year of fieldwork. The findings of our study show how close attention to newly arrived students' embodied experiences can help to dispel prevailing myths surrounding inclusion, bringing to light thereby how the current lived conditions of inclusion in fact carry with them lines of exclusion.     

人性灵:教育的人性论——解读涂又光教育思想之人性论

人生而蕴含灵性的潜能,随着人在社会生活中的正常成长、接受教育和自觉努力,灵性的潜能就会在不同人的心里不同程度地发育、生长。人性灵指人拥有丰富、微妙、敏感的精神状态,这体现在四个方面:灵动的意识生成独立的认识和体验,主动的意向形成能动的存在趋向,健全的自我促成自为、生成的生命形态,敞开的灵明引导超越的精神向度。教育应以性灵说为人性论,以发展人性为任务,通过和谐并进、相得益彰地发展人的知情意,促进灵性的充分敞开,促成人的全面发展。     

从PCK到PCKg：教师专业发展的新转向

从知识论的角度探讨教师的专业发展问题是当前教师教育的一个重要研究方向。文章从教学的知识基础出发,分析了学科教学知识以及学科教学认知概念的来源、内涵及特征。通过对学科教学认知模型的解析,从动态的学科教学认知的视角,对我国教师专业发展存在的问题及发展取向进行理性思考。     

具身认知视角下科技场馆学习支架的设计

具身认知强调认知是身体参与的认知,通过身体、环境、感知、心智的互动融合完成知识的表征。科技场馆借助实体场馆与先进信息技术的融合,构建了具身学习的场域。文章首先基于具身认知理论,在科技场馆的具身学习中融合三种环境(即物理环境、社会环境和心理环境)和三类具身(即实感具身、实境具身和离线具身),设计了科技场馆学习支架。随后,文章在“电流的磁效应”主题学习中开展了两轮迭代设计研究,验证科技场馆学习支架的应用效果。最后,文章形成了修正后的科技场馆学习支架,以提升学习者身体在场的行动参与感,帮助学习者身体体验的内化与经验建构,为学习者在科技场馆中的具身学习提供有效的学习支持。     

具身认知理论引领下的有效教学变革

具身认知理论是建立在反思与批判身心二元论的传统认知观基础之上的一种新型认知观。它在理论上突出强调身体参与认知活动的重要意义和价值。这一理论主张对开展有效教学的意义在于,一方面要倡导体验式学习,让学生在亲身参与中获得成长;另一方面可以创设教学情境,营造和谐宽松的学习氛围。此外,融创客教育理念于课堂教学之中,为有效教学的开展提供保障也是一条重要探索路径。     

Embodied Cognition: Somatic Markers, Purposes and Emotional Orientations

We describe the “somatic marker hypothesis” proposed by Damasio (1996) to account for the ability of most people to make decisions quickly and continually in the course of their lives. We relate this hypothesis to two other theoretical constructs, emotional orientations and purposes, which we have used in our research on students' reasoning and teachers' decision making. Given that somatic markers are a part of unconscious mental activity, they cannot be observed by introspective reflection. How then can we research something we cannot see? Beginning with the hypothesis that somatic markers influence actions, we observe, particularly, the actions of student teachers, teachers and children in mathematics classrooms at points where they make decisions. This process is illustrated through examples both of teaching and learning in mathematics, and through the account (see Op't Eynde and Hannula, this issue) of ‘Frank’ reflecting on his decision-making in mathematical activity. We use the case of Frank to illustrate some differences between viewing mathematical activity from our perspective and from those of some other contributors to this special issue. The connections between emotional orientations, somatic markers and purposes are further illustrated by two examples drawn from our research into teacher development and students' reasoning processes.