Silicatescape – preserving building materials in the old urban center landscape: The case of the silicate brick and urban planning in Tel Aviv-Jaffa

In November 20th 2007 Tel Aviv-Jaffa Municipality confirmed its list of buildings earmarked for conservation. The confirmation was related only to Tel Aviv cultural heritage, the city that was founded in 1909, along the Mediterranean seashore, next to old Jaffa. The list was published 4 years after part of the old urban center of Tel Aviv was nominated as World Heritage Site for its architectural uniqueness (Tel Aviv the White City). The list and the nomination were focused on architectural styles, which are based on building material, the silicate brick, used in Israel throughout the years 1918–1948. This building material and technology left its imprint on Tel Aviv's landscape and is also a part of Tel Aviv's history and development. In spite of its importance, all concerned in Tel Aviv-Jaffa municipality and urban planning, have totally ignored this phenomenon.The thrust of this discussion is that the silicate bricks phenomenon, a building material and technology, due to its importance to Tel Aviv heritage and its vast distribution in Tel Aviv landscape, should be integrated into the current urban renewal development process in the old city of Tel Aviv. The discovery of its history and its role in Tel Aviv cultural heritage will change the attitudes of Tel Aviv-Jaffa municipality to this building material; instead of a vernacular phenomena, a common brick or a frequent building technology, it will get a better appreciation. Urban landscapes of many cities around the world are based on vernacular phenomena, which are ignored by the urban municipalities. The silicate case should serve as an example of the role of a vernacular heritage, and in this case a common building material, in the urban renewal and conservation process.     

A new footwear technology to promote non-heelstrike landing and enhance running performance: Fact or fad?

This study sought to compare the kinetics and kinematics data in a group of habitual shod runners when running in traditional running shoes and newly designed minimalist shoes with lug platform. This novel footwear design claims to simulate barefoot running and reduce energy loss during impact. We compared footstrike angle (FSA), vertical average (VALR) and instantaneous (VILR) loading rates, energy loss and initial vertical stiffness between two shoe conditions. Runners demonstrated a decreased FSA while running in minimalist shoes with lug platform than traditional shoes (P = 0.003; Cohen’s d = 0.918). However, we did not observe a landing pattern transition. VALR and VILR between two footwear conditions showed no significant difference (P = 0.191–0.258; Cohen’s d = 0.304–0.460). Initial vertical stiffness (P = 0.032; Cohen’s d = 0.671) and energy loss (P = 0.044; Cohen’s d = 0.578) were greater when running in minimalist shoes with lug platform. The results show that minimalist shoes with lug platform reduce the FSA but may not lead to a landing pattern switch or lower vertical loading rates. Interestingly, the new shoe design leads to a greater energy loss than traditional running shoes, which could be explained by a higher initial vertical stiffness.     

基于ActiGraph GT3X监测网球运动能量消耗的研究

目的:应用ActiGraph GT3X对网球运动等非周期性运动能量消耗进行测评,建立适合网球运动能耗预测的回归方程,从而丰富ActiGraph测量体系.方法:以K4b2测量值作为校标,分别在拍柄、持拍手手腕外侧、腰部髂肌外侧、大腿中央前侧和脚踝外侧(持拍手同一侧肢体)各佩戴一个加速度计(ActiGraph GT3X),同步对网球运动中不同球速下(30 km/h、60 km/h)的原地正、反手击球,侧向移动正、反手击球,向前移动正、反手击球,侧向移动正反手交替击球和模拟自由单打的运动过程进行监测.结果:腰部、大腿和踝关节部位GT3X的EE和MET预测值存在明显低估,与K4b2测量值一致性较低;手腕和拍柄部位GT3X的EE和MET预测值存在明显高估,与K4b2测量值一致性较低;研究建立了2个网球运动能耗预测回归方程,经检验其预测值与实测值没有显著性差异.结论:运用ActiGraph GT3X对网球等隔网对抗运动项目进行监测存在显著误差,EE和MET的预测存在明显高估或低估的现象;基于ActiGraph GT3X所建立的能耗预测方程能对网球运动进行有效的运动监测.     

全身振动介入抗阻力训练对能量消耗的影响研究

探讨全身性振动介入抗阻力训练对能量消耗的影响,为体重控制及健身减肥者制定有效的运动处方提供依据。方法：以我院体育教育专业健康男性为对象,利用气体代谢分析仪及心率表对"振动介入+抗阻力训练"（实验组,Resistance exercise+Vibration,REV）及单纯"抗阻力训练"（对照组,Resistance exercise, RE）模式下的摄氧及能量消耗等指标进行监测,并运用SPSS17.0对相关指标进行统计分析。结果：1）REV组在训练中及训练后0-25分、25-50分的总每分钟能量消耗及每分钟最大摄氧显著高于RE组;2）抗阻力训练结束后相当长的时间内以脂肪消耗供能为主,表现为REV组脂肪供能比例明显高于RE组;3）抗阻力训练能显著提升训练中呼吸交换率及换气量,表现为REV组提升率高于RE组。结论：全身性振动介入抗阻力训练可比单纯抗阻力增加更多能量消耗,且在训练后恢复期能提升脂肪供能比例,故控体重运动员及健身减肥者将振动作为辅助训练手段是非常有效的。     

中国工业能源碳排放面板数据估算:1998—2010年

为弥补相关研究对中国工业碳排放估算过于粗略的不足,利用IPCC推荐的碳排放核算方法,基于30个省级行政区和36个两位数细分行业的工业能源消费数据,对1998—2010年中国工业能源碳排放总量、地区工业能源碳排放及工业细分行业能源碳排放进行估算,结果表明:工业能源碳排放占据中国能源碳排放的70%左右,主要集中分布在东部沿海地区(尤其是环渤海地区)和能源开采与加工、金属冶炼、设备制造及化工制品等重化工行业。因此,工业节能减排应考虑行业差异、地区差异及区域比较优势,依据行业与地区差别制定和实施适宜的工业低碳转型战略,推动工业结构优化升级与发展方式转变。     

运动调节肝脏能量代谢与抑郁症发病机制研究

抑郁症是一种常见的精神障碍性疾病,有研究表明肝脏能量代谢障碍与抑郁症发病密切相关。运动干预作为抑郁症的一种辅助治疗手段,其效果已得到认可和证实,然而作用机制尚未完全阐明。综述以运动调节肝脏能量代谢为主线,结合抑郁症的发病机理,阐明了抑郁症肝脏线粒体能量代谢障碍和运动干预改善抑郁症及肝脏能量代谢的积极效益,为抑郁症的运动疗法提供理论依据和实践参考。     

对羽毛球项目若干体能训练原理的理论探讨及训练模式研究

体能与技能的关系、运动项目的主要供能系统及其对运动素质的特殊要求、一般体能与专项体能的关系是我国羽毛球界经常争论的三大问题。本文首先通过理论分析 ,提出了体能与技能的“能量”统一论观点 ;以充实的资料论证无氧代谢是羽毛球制胜的主导供能系统 ,并针对羽毛球专项特点 ,将力量、速度、耐力三大基本素质的关系归纳为 :速度是关键、力量是基础、耐力是保证 ;同时认为一般身体训练对任何运动员都是必须的 ,但前提是应将一般体能训练定义为与专项是有一定联系的 ,至少在局部是相关的。其次 ,以理论分析结果为依据 ,通过体能训练实践 ,提出了一套有效改善羽毛球运动员体能状况新思路和新模式     

Energy turnover during 24 hours and 6 days of adventure racing

Abstract

Energy turnover was assessed in two conditions of mixed ultra-endurance exercise. In Study 1, energy expenditure and intake were measured in nine males in a laboratory over 24 h. In Study 2, energy expenditure was assessed in six males during an 800-km Adventure race (mean race time 152.5 h). Individual correlations between heart rate and oxygen uptake ([Vdot]O₂) were established during pre-tests when kayaking, cycling, and running. During exercise, energy expenditure was estimated from continuous heart rate recordings. Heart rate and [Vdot]O₂ were measured regularly during fixed cycling work rates to correct energy expenditure for drift in oxygen pulse. Mean energy expenditure was 18,050 ± 2,390 kcal (750 ± 100 kcal · h^?1) and 80,000 ± 18,000 kcal (500 ± 100 kcal · h^?1) in Study 1 and Study 2 respectively, which is higher than previously reported. Energy intake in Study 1 was 8,450 ± 1,160 kcal, resulting in an energy deficit of 9,590 ± 770 kcal. Body mass decreased in Study 1 (?2.3 ± 0.8 kg) but was unchanged in Study 2. Fat mass decreased in Study 2 (?2.3 ± 1.5 kg). In Study 1, muscle glycogen content decreased by only 60%. Adventure racing requires a high energy expenditure, with large inter-individual variation. A large energy deficit is caused by inadequate energy intake, possibly due to suppressed appetite and gastrointestinal problems. The oxygen pulse, comparing start to 12 h of exercise and beyond, increased by 10% and 5% in Study 1 and Study 2 respectively. Hence, estimations of energy expenditure from heart rate recordings should be corrected according to this drift.     

Theoretical Analysis of Aggressive Golf Putts

Abstract

The present study examined the relationship between students' perceptions of the motivational climate and beliefs about the causes of success, preference for challenging tasks, and satisfaction in physical education. Responses of 50 female and 46 male students (M age = 12.08 years; SD = .72) showed that perceptions of a mastery-oriented motivational climate were related to the belief that motivation or effort caused success and satisfaction. In contrast, perceptions of a performance climate were related to the belief that deception caused success and related negatively to the students' preference for challenging tasks. Results of hierarchical regression analyses revealed that perceptions of the motivational climate explained a significant amount of unique variance in the students' responses after controlling for dispositional goal orientations. The results suggest that the teacher can influence the salience of a mastery-oriented climate and, in so doing, optimize a child's motivation in physical education.     

引援的“鲶鱼效应”带来的正能量探析——以北京男排为例

采用文献资料法、专家访谈等研究方法,通过观察、分析,得出,引援产生的"鲶鱼效应"对北京男排的实力及整个排球联赛带来了巨大变化,进而探析"鲶鱼效应"对本土球员、俱乐部、排球联赛各自所带来的的正能量,旨在为中国职业排球联赛及中国男排快速健康发展提供理论参考。