植物生物质能化学转化技术工艺模式的比较研究

常规能源的有限性和日益严重的环境污染,使寻找清洁的可再生能源成为人类关注的焦点。植物生物质能由于其数量巨大,对环境影响小,并且有可再生性,成为目前的主要选择之一。植物生物质能化学转化技术由于能得到更有价值的气体、液体产物,提供高效清洁的能源,因而作为一项资源高效利用的新工艺日益受到重视,对植物生物质能燃烧、液化、热解、气化等化学转化技术的工艺模式进行比较研究具有十分重要的意义。     

运动减肥机制探析———酰化刺激蛋白的作用及其调节

酰化刺激蛋白是脂肪组织分泌的一种激素，在调节脂肪代谢和能量平衡方面发挥重要作用。它一方面能够提高脂肪细胞捕获脂肪酸和合成甘油三酯的能力；另一方面可以通过抑制激素敏感脂酶的活性来抑制甘油三酯的分解。C3（-/-）（ASP缺乏）鼠所表现出的肥胖抵抗特征对于防肥减肥而言具有诱人的前景。综述了ASP的来源、生物学作用以及缺乏后的生物学特征，并对其在运动减肥机制中可能发挥的作用进行探讨。     

北京奥运会"人文奥运"新理念内涵探析

“人文奥运”是北京举办2008年奥运会的三大理念之一，也是北京2008年奥运会提出的新理念，它是奥林匹克运动的核心和灵魂。本文探讨以下4个问题：“人文奥运”新理念内涵的3种解释，“人文奥运”新理念内涵解释的选择，“人文奥运”新理念内涵的理解和“人文奥运”面临的挑战。     

从“知沟”理论到“农家书屋”图书配置

通过对“知沟”理论的内涵解读,明确了我国城乡“知沟”现象存在的原因,结合当前“农家书屋”建设,提出了城乡间“农家书屋”图书配置的对策。     

关于图书馆参与信息分化社会调控的思考

现代图书馆应重新审视自己的责任和义务,积极参与信息分化社会调控.图书馆可以采取加强基层图书馆建设、扩失信息资源共享、加强图书馆信息素质教育及针对弱势群体开展多种形式特殊服务等措施,为缩小信息鸿沟发挥应有的作用.     

对信息资源普遍服务的探索

从信息鸿沟的现状谈起,介绍了普遍服务的概念及意义,并从信息资源的实际情况出发,提出实行信息资源普遍服务的举措以及应该注意的问题。     

和谐社会中的信息公平制度

探讨信息公平在和谐社会构建中的重要意义，分析我国存在信息鸿沟的现状及其对和谐社会建设的消极影响，提出消除信息鸿沟、实现信息公平的若干政策建议。     

Scale and Translation Invariant Collaborative Filtering Systems

Collaborative filtering systems are prediction algorithms over sparse data sets of user preferences. We modify a wide range of state-of-the-art collaborative filtering systems to make them scale and translation invariant and generally improve their accuracy without increasing their computational cost. Using the EachMovie and the Jester data sets, we show that learning-free constant time scale and translation invariant schemes outperforms other learning-free constant time schemes by at least 3% and perform as well as expensive memory-based schemes (within 4%). Over the Jester data set, we show that a scale and translation invariant Eigentaste algorithm outperforms Eigentaste 2.0 by 20%. These results suggest that scale and translation invariance is a desirable property.     

School context and instructional capacity: A comparative study of professional learning communities in rural and urban schools in China

This study examines the teaching gap between rural and urban schools in China from the perspective of teacher professional learning communities (PLCs). Drawing on in-depth interviews with 36 primary school teachers, the study finds striking disparities between rural and urban schools in the working of Teaching and Research Groups (TRGs). These disparities in TRGs result in divergent patterns of instructional capacity building in rural and urban schools. The evidence shows that teaching and teachers are strongly shaped by the school organizational context. It suggests that strengthening school-wide PLCs is an important way of narrowing the rural-urban teaching and learning gaps.     

Screening for risk of low energy availability in athletic and recreationally active females in Ireland

ABSTRACT

Introduction: Low energy availability (LEA) results in physiological adaptations, which can contribute to unfavourable health outcomes. Little information exists on risk of LEA in active individuals competing in different sports or levels of competition. The aims of this study were to (1) identify risk of LEA in females competing at different levels of competition and (2) investigate associations between risk of LEA, illness and dietary habits. Methods: The validated questionnaire, ‘Low Energy Availability in Females Questionnaire’ was distributed online (November 2016–February 2017) to assess risk of LEA. Twenty-nine additional questions collected information on demographics, illness history and dietary habits. Participants were considered at risk of LEA if they attained a score of?≥?8 and were grouped into: (i) international; (ii) provincial/inter-county; (iii) competitive; and (iv) recreationally active. Chi-square and logistic regression analyses were used to explore differences between those at risk or not at risk of LEA. Results: Risk of LEA was identified in 40% (n?=?331) of 833 participants and was 1.7 and 1.8 times more likely in international and provincial/inter-county athletes compared to those who were recreationally active (International: odds ratios (OR) 1.68, 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) 1.12–2.54; Provincial/inter-county: OR 1.83, 95%CI 1.20–2.77). In participants at risk of LEA, missing >22 days of training during the previous year due to illness occurred 3 times more frequently (OR 3.01, 95%CI 1.81–5.02). Conclusion: Risk of LEA was widespread in this heterogeneous sample. Awareness of LEA and the development of appropriate energy management strategies to ensure athlete health across levels of competition are required.