Assessing the Effectiveness of the Cognitive Interview for Children with Severe Intellectual Disabilities

We examined whether the cognitive interview (CI) procedure increased event recall in children with severe intellectual disabilities (ID) compared with children with no ID. Forty-six children with and without ID watched a videotaped event; they were aged between eight and 11 years. The next day they were individually interviewed using the CI or a structured interview (SI). Interviews consisted of free recall and specific questions, some of which contained leading or misleading information. The leading and misleading questions determined children’s susceptibility to information presented after the event. Overall, children without ID reported more correct information than children with ID. For all children, the CI led to more correct recall than the SI without increases in incorrect details or confabulations. Although the CI did not decrease children’s susceptibility to the misleading questions compared with the SI, children without ID disagreed with more of the misleading suggestions than children with ID. These results suggest that the CI may indeed be a valuable tool to elicit information from very vulnerable witnesses.     

侦查人员出庭作证的法律分析

侦查人员出庭作证具有充分的必要性和可行性.在程序设计上,侦查人员出庭作证的申请应该由控辩双方提起,证明的事项应该包括实体性和程序性事实,对于拒不出庭作证的侦查人员还要实行一定的惩戒措施,其权利义务应该进一步明晰.     

幸存者手记:灾难见证与情感记忆——论巴金《随想录》的写作意向

《随想录》的写作,既不同于一般的散文书写,也不同于传统意义的回忆录。作为一名幸存者,巴金的历史见证者的角色意识,决定了《随想录》的写作面向。《随想录》中,巴金忏悔的向度并不是线性的突进,而指向的是灵魂的安妥,即在肯定—否定—肯定的往复辩难过程中展现人性的真实。巴金以一个幸存者的姿态强调友谊之于他个体生命的重要性,可以说,那些停靠在他记忆深处的亡灵构成他写作《随想录》最重要的内驱力。     

简析民事诉讼证人权利保障制度——以《民事诉讼法修正案（草案）》为视角

有效保障证人的相关权利,是提高证人出庭率、查明案件事实、兼顾程序公正和实体公正的必要条件。《民事诉讼法修正案》应当进一步完善证人经济补偿制度,建立证人保护制度和特殊证人免证权制度。     

比较我国“专家辅助人”与英美“专家证人”

为适应社会发展的需要,应对民事诉讼案件类型趋于多样化、专业化的现实。我国2002年施行的《最高人民法院关于民事诉讼证据的若干规定》中第61条被认为是首次规定"专家辅助人"制度,2012年对于民事诉讼法的条文修改中第79条再次以法律的形式确认了这一制度。文章对我国"专家辅助人"制度与英美民诉中"专家证人"制度进行了比较分析。进而借鉴英美法系这一制度的优良之处进一步完善我国的民事诉讼制度。     

论严复的合理利己主义价值观

对于传统价值观念中的"义利之辨",严复认为,中国两千多年来把义利分割造成了近代中国经济进步缓慢。他根据功利主义的观点并吸收进化论思想,对"义利之辨"的旧说进行批评,构建了自己的合理利己主义价值观,试图推动近代中国社会的发展。     

“开明贵族”为什么被革了命？——从托克维尔的贵族阶级“陈情书”分析说开去

从托克维尔的贵族阶级“陈情书”分析可以看出,法国大革命期间的贵族具有突出的“开明”特征,但这并未改变其被“革命”的历史厄运。贵族的“被革命”跟他们当时开明与否没有多大的关系。在政制与法律框架没有改变的情况下谈论自由问题,也只能是有限的、特权者的自由问题。大革命的激进特征所呈现的是平民与特权阶层的关系问题,进而是穷人与富人在革命中的关系问题。决定贵族命运的,除了阶级关系外,“谣言”等革命中的非理性因素亦不可忽略。     

证人出庭难的法律原因及对策思考

证人出庭作证难是当前困扰人民法院审判工作最突出的问题之一。导致证人不出庭作证现象的普遍存在,是多种社会因素综合作用的结果,但立法上的不完善是证人拒绝出庭作证的主要因素。解决证人出庭作证难问题的关键是从立法上完善证人制度,以期最终实现证人证言的证据功能和价值。本文就证人出庭作证难的原因主要从法律方面进行分析,并对立法应如何完善进行探讨,供大家参考。     

Working-class women study social science degrees: remembering enablers and detractors

In this article, we report on a feminist memory work project conducted with 11 working-class women in Australia. Participants responded to the question: what helps and hinders working-class women study social science degrees? The women confirmed that to succeed at university, they needed opportunities, resources, support and encouragement. We called these enablers and considered the role of ‘enlightened witnesses’ [Miller, 1997. The essential role of an enlightened witness in society. Retrieved from http://www.alice-miller.com/index_en.php?page=2]. Hindering the possibility of university success were detractors of many forms including inadequate resources and social conventions that discouraged the women from study. We describe saboteurs as undermining people and forces that the women had to overcome. We found that enlightened witnesses, broadly conceptualised, go some way but not all, to mitigating detractors and saboteurs that continue to hamper fair and meritocratic access to tertiary education.     

从霍克海默的文化批判看文化批判功能

以往人们关注的是霍克海默对资本主义的文化批判,其实他所阐述的文化批判功能,才是其文化批判中最有价值的东西.西方文明启蒙的后果是用理性这种新的统治替代了昔日神的统治.霍克海默提出了新的启蒙就是文化批判的启蒙,即对启蒙的否定、否定再否定.这种新的否定物就是“文化工业”的出现.文化工业造就了一些失去反叛性与对当代资本主义社会认同的被奴役的异化者,要找回和发扬这种文化批判的反叛性,就要实现新的启蒙.霍克海默通过文化批判的反叛性揭示了文化批判的功能,即辩证的否定.