螺旋型鼻肠管用于急性重症胰腺炎肠内营养的护理

急性重症胰腺炎患者应用螺旋型鼻肠管进行肠内营养可有助于保持肠黏膜结构和功能的完整性,有助于胰腺的修复。经鼻肠管肠内营养治疗重症急性胰腺炎安全有效。良好的护理配合可提高置管成功率,减少并发症,促进疾病恢复。     

幼儿营养膳食与心理健康培育

实践证明,幼儿身心健康必须以科学合理的膳食为保障,而良好的科学膳食观念是促进幼儿心理卫生的必要条件。在实践总结的基础上,从日常生活领域这一侧面,对膳食营养方法、幼儿饮食心理健康的培育作了具体阐述,进而强调膳食营养对幼儿心理健康的重要性。     

钙摄入量与运动能力的实验研究

以两种动物的运动模型(大鼠跑台;小鼠游泳),研究不同钙摄入量与运动能力的关系。实验观察了不同钙量的饲料和钙水分别喂饲的小鼠和大鼠的力竭能力;不同时相的血清钙;心肌、骨骼肌胞内钙和心肌、骨骼肌及肝组织的组织细胞形态结构。结果表明,适宜的高钙摄入对运动机体的运动能力的提高、运动后内环境稳态的恢复和亚细胞结构与功能的保护,都具有明显的促进作用。     

营养与体能和健康的研究进展

营养是影响竞技能力、机能状态、体力适应和恢复的一个主要因素,而且可以操作。营养结合科学训练可明显提高运动能力。任何营养素的缺乏或过度都会影响到人体的健康、生理、机能和竞技状态,从而影响到运动能力的发挥。缺乏体力活动和膳食营养不当是引起慢性病的主要风险。适量运动与合理营养结合有益于各年龄组人群的健康、体能和防治慢性病,这种非药物、经济、有效又无副作用的防治措施尤其适用于我国国情。     

肥胖儿减肥的运动处方和营养调配

通过查阅大量运动、减肥、饮食等资料,对儿童运动与减肥、饮食与肥胖之间的关系进行系统研究,制定出一套适合儿童身心特点的单纯性肥胖儿减肥的运动处方和营养调配。旨在预防和治疗儿童单纯性肥胖症。     

The effects of sodium bicarbonate ingestion on cycling performance and acid base balance recovery in acute normobaric hypoxia

This study investigated the effects of two separate doses of sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO₃) on 4 km time trial (TT) cycling performance and post-exercise acid base balance recovery in hypoxia. Fourteen club-level cyclists completed four cycling TT’s, followed by a 40 min passive recovery in normobaric hypoxic conditions (FiO₂ = 14.5%) following one of either: two doses of NaHCO₃ (0.2 g.kg^?1 BM; SBC2, or 0.3 g.kg^?1 BM; SBC3), a taste-matched placebo (0.07 g.kg^?1 BM sodium chloride; PLA), or a control trial in a double-blind, randomized, repeated-measures and crossover design study. Compared to PLA, TT performance was improved following SBC2 (p = 0.04, g = 0.16, very likely beneficial), but was improved to a greater extent following SBC3 (p = 0.01, g = 0.24, very likely beneficial). Furthermore, a likely benefit of ingesting SBC3 over SBC2 was observed (p = 0.13, g = 0.10), although there was a large inter-individual variation. Both SBC treatments achieved full recovery within 40 min, which was not observed in either PLA or CON following the TT. In conclusion, NaHCO₃ improves 4 km TT performance and acid base balance recovery in acute moderate hypoxic conditions, however the optimal dose warrants an individual approach.     

Omission of carbohydrate-rich breakfast impairs evening 2000-m rowing time trial performance

ABSTRACT

Purpose: The effect of breakfast omission on evening high-intensity exercise performance has not previously been studied. Methods: In a randomised and counterbalanced cross-over design, 10 competitive rowers (2 male, 8 female; mean?±?SD: age 21?±?2 y, height 176?±?7?cm, weight 76?±?12?kg, body fat 19.7?±?6.8%) completed two trials (individualised carbohydrate-rich breakfast (BT; 831?±?67?kcal eaten before 09:00) and no-breakfast (NBT; extended overnight fast until 12:00)). Following ad libitum afternoon food intake, participants completed a 2000-m time-trial on a rowing ergometer between 16:30 and 18:00. Appetite and energy intake were measured throughout the day, whilst power output, time, heart rate, blood lactate, blood glucose and RPE were assessed during the time trial. Results: Appetite ratings were higher throughout the morning in NBT compared with BT, but there were no differences in ratings in the afternoon. Energy intake at lunch was greater NBT compared with BT (1236?±?594 vs 836?±?303?kcal, p?<?.05), which partly compensated for breakfast omission, although overall energy intake tended to be lower in NBT compared with BT (1236?±?594 vs 1589?±?225?kcal, p?=?.08). The time taken to complete the 2000-m time trial was greater in NBT compared with BT (469.2?±?43.4 vs 465.7?±?43.3?s; p?<?.05). No differences in heart rate, blood glucose and blood lactate responses were apparent, but overall RPE was higher in NBT compared with BT (17.8?±?0.9 vs 16.7?±?0.7?au, p?<?.05). Conclusion: The omission of a carbohydrate-rich breakfast impaired evening performance during a 2000-m rowing time trial. This finding has implications for optimising evening high-intensity exercise performance.     

运动科学领域的研究热点与进展——第66届美国运动医学年会综述

本研究介绍第66届美国运动医学年会暨第10届“运动是良医”世界大会和世界运动、昼夜节律和睡眠基础科学大会的研究热点与进展情况。以大会主报告和专题报告为思路,重点阐述了第66届ACSM年会主报告“乳酸代谢”“运动与睡眠”“运动是良医”以及“运动营养”主题的相关内容。这些运动科学领域的研究成果为进一步推进积极健康的生活方式、更深入地研究运动的健康效益以及提升运动员的运动表现提供了参考。     

篮球运动员体能恢复的营养学手段

训练后疲劳的及时恢复是篮球训练的重要环节。运用文献资料法、逻辑分析法,针对篮球运动的特点结合运动营养补剂的研究成果,对篮球运动员恢复的营养学手段做出分析探讨。在篮球训练与比赛过程中平衡膳食、合理使用运动营养补剂是运动员消除运动疲劳、提高体能的有效手段。     

冰球运动员训练与比赛的营养恢复

冰球运动员在大负荷训练与比赛过程中平衡膳食与合理使用运动营养补充品是消除运动疲劳、提高体能的有效手段。采用文献资料、下队调研等方法,结合冰球运动的项目特点与运动营养补充品的研究成果,提出冰球运动员发展力量素质时补充肌酸、HMB,提高耐力素质时支链氨基酸、1,6二磷酸果糖、谷氨酰胺制剂的补充和抗氧化剂的使用,以及补糖、补液等方法恢复冰球运动员训练的疲劳。