促进中国心理学应用急需解决的几个问题

心理应用一直是中国心理学发展中的一个相对薄弱环节，心理学理论研究与应用的脱节严重影响着中国心理学的健康发展。文章以中国心理学应用急需解决的几个问题进行了讨论。它们分别是1．推进中国心理学的职业化进程；2．选择适当的培养模式；3．减少应用心理学的不合理分离；4．正确处理心理学理论与实践的关系。     

关系网络与创业机会识别:创业学习的多重中介效应

基于178家企业的样本数据,研究关系网络影响创业机会识别的内在机制。结构方程建模分析结果表明:关系网络不仅可以直接预测创业机会识别,还可以通过认知和经验学习以及实践学习间接预测创业机会识别。此外认知和经验学习对创业机会识别的预测作用相同,认知学习相比于经验学习对实践学习的预测作用则更强。     

创业直觉研究述评及展望

直觉在创业者决策实践中至关重要,但理论界对此却关注不足,国内相关研究尤为匮乏。从直觉与创业关系出发,提炼创业直觉概念内涵,剖析影响创业直觉的内外部因素及其作用过程,挖掘创业直觉对创业者、创业行为和新企业的作用机制,据此构建了创业直觉研究的理论框架。框架关注创业直觉的驱动机制、本质特征和效应机制三个环节,兼顾中间机制和边界条件,明晰了相关理论基础、研究视角、分析方法和研究内容,对开展实证研究和情境化检验具有参考意义。     

Local enactment of the Swedish ‘advanced teacher reform’

This article focuses on a new form of governing that targets a selected group of teachers. Specifically, it analyses how the Swedish so-called advanced teacher reform is enacted at the local level and discusses its implications for teachers’ professionalism. The methodological approach enables a local analysis in a broader international policy context. Using characteristic elements from curriculum theory to analyse the relationship between different levels and elaborating on the linguistic turn of curriculum theory, three concepts are central in the analysis: enactment, linguistic criteria and professionalism. Empirically, the study draws on material from a two-year application process in a medium-sized municipality. The result demonstrates that the local enactment process is clearly influenced by transnational policy trends and that less allowance is made for teachers’ own experience-based knowledge in the second studied year. The linguistic analysis shows how the applicants using the ‘right concepts’ were selected to become ‘advanced teachers’. As complex and qualitative aspects disappeared from the agenda, this type of governing, with its standardized use of language, may reduce schools’ educational potential. Changes like this raise new questions about how schools can maintain and develop democratic and professional values whilst being exposed to new policy trends.     

基于企业家精神的大学生创业能力培养研究

就业是民生之本,创业是经济发展的活力之源,把创业教育纳入高等学校的教育教学体系,培养一大批具有创新、创业精神的企业家,是建设创新型国家的需要,是发展创新型经济的必然要求。研究了企业家及企业家精神的内涵,总结了国内外创业教育的理论和实践,探讨了基于企业家精神的大学生创业能力的培养途径,对高等学校建立创业教育体系,实现国家以创业带动就业的政策具有重要的现实意义。     

The Role of History and Ethics of Anatomy in Medical Education

While time spent on anatomical education in medical school curricula has been diminishing over the last decades, the recognized role of anatomical dissection has expanded. It is perceived by many students and faculty not only as the means of learning the structure and function of the human body, but also as an opportunity for the acquisition of professional competencies such as team work, patient–doctor interaction, medical epistemology, self-awareness, and an understanding of medical ethics. This viewpoint article proposes that this learning process can be supported effectively through studying examples from the history of anatomy, as insights from this history can help illuminate contemporary ethical issues in anatomy and medicine. Anatomical education can thus provide not only the opportunity of gaining awareness of ethical questions, but also a chance to practice these new insights within the protected environment of the laboratories, in interaction with the dead and the living. Consequently, a new role has developed for anatomists, which includes the interweaving of the scholarly exploration of the history and ethics of anatomy with the practical application of research results into a reframed concept of anatomical education. Anatomy, as a foundational discipline in the medical curriculum, can thus provide a first step on the educational path of empathetic and humane medical caregivers.     

职业院校大学生求职时应注意的三点人文要素

职业院校大学生在求职时体现出来的人文素质令人担忧。要想通过求职这一关,职业生们需要重点从三个方面来加强自己的人文素质:一是要注意形象和仪态,充分展现自我风采;二是要注意语言表达得体,充分表达自我愿望;三是要体现出职业精神,力求在未来的工作中充分实现自我价值。当然,职业生在求职时,用人单位还会从其他方面来考查、评价其人文素质情况。但是把握好以上三点,会使他们在求职时减少障碍,走好社会人生的第一步。     

我国高等学校创业教育的现状与发展趋势

创业教育是一项涉及全社会的系统而复杂的工程,它需要相应优化的创业机制,需要系统完善的创业教育体系。当前要进一步完善我国的创业教育,必须提高政府、社会和高校对创业教育的重视程度,建立起学校、政府、社会三位一体的、科学有序的、优化高效的创业教育运行机制与体系。     

美国教师资格证书制度分析及其启示

提高教师素质、促进教师专业发展,是教师教育发展的重要目标。教师资格证书制度是教师教育体系的重要组成部分,反映出一个国家对教师职业的基本要求。美国的教师教育体系较为健全,教师资格证书制度比较完善,其成功经验值得我们学习和借鉴。