论过失相抵原则在严格责任中的适用——侵权责任法相关法律条文解析

立法本意在于公平分担责任的过失相抵原则是损害赔偿责任的一般调整原则,同样应适用于严格责任。我国关于过失相抵适用于严格责任的立法和司法实践分为基本不适用、有条件适用以及明确规范适用三个阶段。出台不久的《侵权责任法》既有关于过失相抵的一般规定,也有在严格责任领域适用的特殊规定。在新的侵权责任法背景下,如何在严格责任中适用过失相抵原则产生了以下两大新问题,需要进行解读。即如何处理《侵权责任法》关于过失相抵的一般规定与其在严格责任领域适用的特殊规定之间的关系以及在新旧法律规定不同的情况下严格责任领域适用过失相抵应当如何限制。     

论跨界环境损害国家责任

跨界环境损害的国家责任,是指在起源国之外的一国领土或一国管辖或控制下的其他区域引起损害时,国家应承担的责任。《人类环境宣言》和《里约宣言》宣示了“国家开发资源不得损害别国环境”的原则,这成为国家责任的依据。本文认为,该国家责任的性质不能笼统地称为过错责任或严格责任,对它应当予以区分和细化,在不同的环境污染领域有不同的应用。     

拟静力试验桥墩的损伤评价

钢筋混凝土构件的抗震性能,包括强度、刚度、强度退化、刚度退化、延性、能量耗散、构件破坏等的变化规律。本文从地震作用下结构（构件）损伤评价出发,采用九个墩柱的破坏性试验数据,通过基于位移延性系数的损伤评价模型和经典损伤评价模型对试验墩柱的损伤程度进行了评价,并比较了两种评价方法的适用性。     

Three-step damage identification method based on dynamic characteristics

A three-step damage identification method based on dynamic characteristics is proposed to improve the structure reliability and security and avoid serious accident. In the proposed method, the frequency and difference of modal curvature （DMC） are used as damage indexes. Firstly, the detection of the occurrence of damage is addressed by the frequency or the square of frequency change. Then the damage location inside the structure is measured by the DMC. Finally, with the stiffness reduction rate as a damage factor, the amount of damage is estimated by the optimization algorithm. The three-step damage identification method has been validated by conducting the simulation on a cantilever beam and the shaking table test on a submerged bridge. The results show that the method proposed in this paper can effectively solve the damage identification problem in theory and engineering practice.     

Life extending control of helicopter based on dynamic inversion

The purpose of using life extending control for Black Hawk UH-60 helicopter is to make a trade-off between the handling qualities and the service life of critical components. An increase in service life span results in enhanced safety and the reduction in maintenance costs. This paper presents a design methodology of life extending control for structural durability and high performance of mechanical system, which is based on an explicit dynamic inversion control scheme. A real-time nonlinear fatigue crack growth model is built to predict fatigue damage resulting from the impact of cyclic bending stress on rotor shaft, which serves as an indicator of service life. The 4-axis gain- scheduled flight controller, whose gains are adjusted as a function of damage and flight velocity, is designed to regu- late roll attitude, pitch attitude, vertical velocity and yaw rate. The nonlinear system simulation results show that the responses can meet the requirements on ADS-33 Level 1 handling qualities and that the 4-axis decoupling control is realized. As the damage increases, the tracking performance is slightly degraded, which results in smaller transients in bending moment response.     

知识产权诉讼中侵权损害赔偿数额的确定——从完善程序法角度分析

国家为了加强对知识产权的保护,在北京、上海、广州设立了知识产权法院,这就需要在实体法和程序法两个层面对解决知识产权侵权以及相关问题进行科学设计和完整规划。我国的《著作权法》、《商标法》、《专利法》从实体法上完善了法院的裁判标准,但是在程序法上,尤其是在知识产权侵权诉讼中损害赔偿数额的确定方面,尚未形成针对其特殊性而设计的完整、有效的解决方案。而诉讼法理论运用的缺乏也导致司法实务中出现了很多问题,特别是诉讼证据制度亟待完善。     

双层桥箱内壁车辆碰撞混凝土损伤仿真研究

双层连续箱梁桥是一种新型结构体系,如何评价车辆撞击箱梁内部造成的结构损伤对于这种新型结构的广泛运用具有重要意义。通过计算机仿真技术研究各种工况下车辆对箱梁桥内壁撞击引起的结构损伤情况,得出混凝土损伤部位以及程度,分析影响混凝土损伤的敏感因子,为双层桥结构设计提供参考。     

论国家赔偿中精神损害赔偿的界定

2010年修正的《国家赔偿法》在实际的法律适用中面临着新的需求和挑战.现实的基本应用对国家赔偿特别是其中的精神损害赔偿提出了更为明确具体的指引需求.精神损害的适用范围、赔偿标准等问题都存在模糊之处,在法理和应用中都亟需进一步的探索和完善.     

谈谈违约损害赔偿

本简要介绍了违约损害赔偿的含义，阐明了违约损害赔偿的原则以及违约损害赔偿的计算方法。     

体育高考生胫骨骨膜炎的调查与分析

小腿胫骨骨膜炎是一些体育考生在运动训练初期的常见病和多发病。本文对部分患有胫骨骨膜炎的同学进行了调查,结合此病的特点、病因、病理进行了理论分析,并提出了预防措施、治疗方法及一些建议。