A Study Of The Relationship Between Grade And Age And Variability

Power and stability of Type I error rates are investigated for the Box-Scheffé test of homogeneity of variance with varying subsample sizes under conditions of normality and nonnormality. The test is shown to be robust to violation of the normality assumption when sampling is from a leptokurtic population. Subsample sizes which produce maximum power are given for small, intermediate, and large sample situations. Suggestions for selecting subsample sizes which will produce maximum power for a given n are provided. A formula for estimating power in the equal n case is shown to give results agreeing with empirical results.     

Here is something you can't understand: the suffocating whiteness of communication studies

ABSTRACT

The authors utilize a modernity-coloniality framework to highlight practices of whiteness and white dominance within the academy and the field of communication studies in particular. The article grounds its framework in personal experience and theories in the flesh to build comradery with feminist of color scholarly forebears and to share with those who struggle to create spaces of change within the academy today and in the future. The authors advocate for an active consciousness of “included exclusion” as the first step toward decolonization. Decolonizing discursive and embodied knowledges creates avenues for social justice and change within the academy and beyond.     

论科学活动中的怀疑思维

怀疑思维是人们的独特思维方式。怀疑逻辑是研究人们如何进行合理怀疑的,即研究如何从怀疑某个命题或不怀疑某个命题出发演绎地或逻辑地得到其他可疑的或不可疑的命题。在科学活动中科学家广泛地运用合理的怀疑思维。建立一个划界标准———根据这个标准确定什么样的命题为“可疑的”命题、什么样的命题为不可疑的命题———构成科学方法论或科学逻辑研究的一个重要内容;我们从可疑的命题、不可疑的命题得到哪些其他的可疑的和不可疑的命题,这涉及到我们运用什么样的怀疑逻辑系统,同时涉及到对科学理论的结构的分析,这同样是科学逻辑的研究内容。     

京味文学的三种维度

“京味文学”作为一种区域文学类型,在既有研究已经比较充分的情况下,我们至少可以从三个方面来拓展．其阐释路径：（一）作为历史文化的错综复杂的京味文学,（二）作为依然活跃在当下传媒中的动态现实的京味文学,（三）作为被研究者命名而成为文学史知识的知识型构的京味文学。     

专业学生情态序列主题性年级趋向

"参照语料库可以是多种文体的混合语料,而且越大越好.……"(Mike Scott,2016:112).本文以BaREnloB为参考语料对比探析了中国英语专业学生语料库WECCL(1.0)四个年级大学生议论文中情态序列使用的年级趋向.研究发现:1)方差分析与稳健性检验表明,BIS、LOG_L与LOG_R各指标基本呈现显著...     

学生数学认识信念的研究述评

学生数学认识信念是理解学生数学学习过程的关键成分之一.学生认识信念的研究属于个体认识论研究范畴.研究发现,学生的数学认识信念对学习产生消极影响,即学生所持有的信念对促进学习是无效的.目前,对影响学生认识信念形成的因素研究主要发生在数学教育领域,而关于学生认识信念的发展研究主要集中在教育心理学界.关于数学认识信念对学习影响的研究主要集中在学生数学认识信念对数学学习的情感和动机、行为参与、认知过程和数学学业成就的影响.学生数学认识信念的形成与发展,既深受学生的学习环境的影响,又深刻影响了自身的学习过程.     

Learning from land and water: exploring mazinaabikiniganan as indigenous epistemology

Abstract

Indigenous peoples have long called for education that supports self-determination, counters colonial practices, and values our cultural identity and pride as Indigenous peoples. In recent years, Land education has emerged as a form of decolonial praxis that necessarily privileges Indigenous ontologies and epistemologies and engages in critiques of settler-colonialism. Informed by this theoretical framework and using Indigenous storywork methodology, this study focused on the perspectives of six Anishinaabe Elders on mazinaabikiniganan (commonly known as pictographs) at Agawa Rock, now part of Lake Superior Provincial Park in Ontario, Canada. Revealing ways of knowing and being that are intimately connected to Land and place, the pedagogical potential of mazinaabikiniganan as a form of Land education is discussed.     

Rethinking Initial Teacher Education for Further Education Teachers: From a standards‐led to a knowledge‐based approach

This paper is a critique of the initial teacher education (ITE) of further and adult education teachers in the UK. It argues that the employer‐led, national standards model in the UK is not the basis for ITE and professional development because it takes no account of learning in the workplace, disregards the multi‐specialist and professional dimensions of professional practice and marginalizes the importance of knowledge. In the critique of the “standards‐led model” the paper draws upon research and ideas on work‐based learning, seeing the learning of teachers in the workplace as a complex relationship with many “experts” in multiple, often conflicting learning contexts. The paper stresses the importance of seeing work‐based learning as more than just “learning by doing” to one that sees it as an intentional structuring of participatory activity. In other words, a “pedagogy of the workplace”. Finally the paper suggests that learning is not just a process of “participation”, but a learning zone where different types of knowledge and pedagogy are learnt and transformed. In highlighting the importance of knowledge the paper draws upon theories of professional knowledge that suggests that certain types of knowledge cannot be gained in the workplace alone, therefore focusing on the issues of the different types of knowledge, their acquisition and their transformation or recontextualisation.     

Epistemology of the Nakba in Israeli education

In Israel, the Israeli–Palestinian conflict is the most fundamental political and moral issue current and future citizens face. If we accept the maxim that schools should prepare citizens for participation in determining the future of their state, Israeli students must be introduced to the historical, political and moral questions at the heart of the conflict. But this responsibility of Israeli schools and teachers is a highly contentious issue. The most important issue in Israeli political education is thus the hardest to teach. In this article I argue that, despite considerable educational and political risks, teaching Jewish Israeli students about the 1948 Palestinian Nakba (alternatively known as the Israeli War of Independence) holds substantial potential for their epistemic development as capable knowers. I begin by reviewing the political, dialogical, cognitive and epistemic deficits in Israeli education, highlighting how the Nakba is suppressed in history and citizenship education. By analysing the epistemic context of the Nakba in Israeli society and education, I present two pedagogical approaches for teaching controversial issues, arguing for an inquiry-based approach over the widely held approach. I demonstrate the benefits of an inquiry-based approach in the context of history education. In the final section of the article, I build on the case of the Nakba to argue for a new epistemic framework for Israeli citizenship education. I begin by outlining the shortcomings of the current epistemic framework of the subject and point to possible future directions for the subject.     

Reflections on and implications of the Programme for International Student Assessment 2015 (PISA 2015) performance of students in Taiwan: The role of epistemic beliefs about science in scientific literacy

The 2015 Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) has drawn a substantial amount of attention from science educators and educational policymakers because it marked the first time that PISA assessed students' ability to evaluate and design scientific inquiry using computer-based simulations. We undertook a secondary analysis of the PISA 2015 Taiwan dataset of 7,973 students from 214 schools to identify critical issues of student learning and potentially reshape our educational system and policies. Thus, this study sought to identify potential latent clusters of students' scientific literacy performance according to a set of focus variables selected from the PISA student questionnaires. In addition, significant determinants of students' scientific literacy and resiliency were analyzed. Cluster analysis results demonstrated the presence of four clusters of high, medium, low, and inferior scientific literacy/epistemology/affective dispositions. Specifically, students in cluster 1 compared with other clusters showed that the higher the scientific literacy scores are, the more positive epistemic beliefs about science, achievement motivation, enjoyment of science, interests in broad science, science self-efficacy, information and communications technology (ICT) interest, ICT autonomy, more learning time, more teacher supports and teacher-directed instructions are. Regression results indicated that the most robust predictor of students' scientific literacy performance is epistemic beliefs about science, followed by learning time, interest in broad science topics, achievement motivation, inquiry-based science teaching and learning practice, and science self-efficacy. Decision tree model results showed that the descending order of the variables in terms of their importance in differentiating students as high- versus low-performing were epistemic beliefs about science, learning time, self-efficacy, interest in broad science, and scientific inquiry, respectively. A similar decision tree model to determine students as resilient versus non-resilient also was found. Various interpretations of these results are discussed, as are their implications for science education research, science teaching, and science education policy.