论发展性学生评价

发展性学生评价更加关注学生的明天，用多元化、多视角的评价促进学生各方面发展，以生活化、情景化的评价为学生未来的发展打好基础。相对于传统学生评价，我们不难看出它的优势所在。在育人过程中，采用这样的发展性学生评价，将对学生发展和我们的教育事业都有很大帮助。     

Brief Research Report: Bayesian Versus REML Estimations With Noninformative Priors in Multilevel Single-Case Data

Abstract

Recently, researchers have used multilevel models for estimating intervention effects in single-case experiments that include replications across participants (e.g., multiple baseline designs) or for combining results across multiple single-case studies. Researchers estimating these multilevel models have primarily relied on restricted maximum likelihood (REML) techniques, but Bayesian approaches have also been suggested. The purpose of this Monte Carlo simulation study was to examine the impact of estimation method (REML versus Bayesian with noninformative priors) on the estimation of treatment effects (relative bias, root mean square error) and on the inferences about those effects (interval coverage) for autocorrelated multiple-baseline data. Simulated conditions varied with regard to the number of participants, series length, and distribution of the variance within and across participants. REML and Bayesian estimation led to estimates of the fixed effects that showed little to no bias but that differentially impacted the inferences about the fixed effects and the estimates of the variances. Implications for applied researchers and methodologists are discussed.     

一种新的广告效果评估方法——熵权双基点法

结合实例介绍了一种新的广告效果评估方法——熵权双基点法 .运用这一方法对各项信息进行无量纲化处理 ,计算出各项信息的权重 ,获得广告效果的准确评价 ,从而为企业选择符合广告目的的媒体组合提供科学参考     

Application of the Bayes’ theory to the failure rate evaluation of electrical apparatus

The Weibull distribution has been widely used in reliability fields. A mixed Weibull distribution represents a popu- lation that consists of several Weibull subpopulations. In this paper, a new approach which combines the least-squares method with Bayes’ theorem, takes advantage of the parameter estimation for single Weibull distribution is developed to estimate the pa- rameters of each subpopulation. The estimates given by this paper also satisfy the maximum likelihood equation. The estimates of the failure rate of the mixed Weibull population are given. An actual test data is computed by using the proposed method. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov goodness-of-fit test turns out that the proposed method yields more accurate result.     

高分辨率遥感影像在林业应用中存在的问题与思考

高分辨率遥感影像的出现，给林业遥感带来前所未有的机遇,但是高分辨率遥感影像在林业领域中的应用面临诸多问题,如数据源的价格偏高、图像阴影无法去除、树种识别困难和森林蓄积量估测精度不高等,提出了建立主要树种的波谱数据库，采用基于多特征的面向对象的分类技术，提高高分辨率影像在林业中的应用水平等建议。     

以发展为根本—体验体育教学课堂中的即时评价

即时评价是指在教育活动过程中，评价者对于评价时象的具体表现所作的即时的表扬或批评，是一种与教学过程紧密结合的“进行性评估”，贯穿于学习过程当中。体育课堂教学中教师即时评价是对学生课堂学习活动作出的立即反应，帮助调整，控制后继学习行为。“促进发展、以人为本、强化激励、多元参与”是新课程课堂教学即时评价的新特点。文章结合初中体育课堂教学实践通过对课堂教学中的即时评价的重要性以及实施策略进行阐述，从而充分发挥即时评价的功能，促进学生的全面发展。     

基于特征融合的复杂场景多目标跟踪算法研究

在复杂地物类型背景条件下,多目标跟踪算法通常表现出目标识别与跟踪能力较差问题,特别在被其它地物遮挡后目标跟踪丢失更严重。提出一种改进的基于多源特征提取与特征融合的多目标跟踪算法。为提高目标在复杂背景下的空间分辨力,充分利用对异类物体判别能力较强的高层特征和针对同类不同物体判别能力较强的浅层特征,提高复杂背景下地物目标的识别能力。同时,为了解决物体被遮挡后导致跟踪算法丢失目标问题,利用滤波器获得追踪目标的空间尺度大小,提高跟踪算法的准确性与可靠性。实验表明,多目标跟踪算法识别目标的准确性可达87.5%,误差在[±2.31%]左右,具有良好的尺度估计效果。     

最优区间估计问题的探讨

文中讨论了区间估计的最优性，并证明了最优区间估计的存在性，同时给出了一种寻求最优区间估计的方法．     

Student Mobility in Multilevel Growth Modeling: A Multiple Membership Piecewise Growth Model

This study proposes a new model, termed the multiple membership piecewise growth model (MM-PGM), to handle individual mobility across clusters frequently encountered in longitudinal studies, especially in educational research wherein some students could attend multiple schools during the course of the study. A real data set containing some students who switched elementary schools was used to demonstrate and explain the MM-PGM. Parameter and model fit differences were compared between the MM-PGM and two other techniques for handling student mobility: the first school-PGM, which only used school membership at the first measurement occasion, and the delete-PGM, which removed mobile students from the analysis. Results indicated that the three approaches of handling mobile students led to different conclusions about the impact of school-level predictors of growth parameters and the school-level variability in the growth rates. Furthermore, deleting mobile students altered the impact of student-level predictors compared to the other two approaches.     

Teaching and Learning Number Sense – An Intervention Study of Fifth Grade Students in Taiwan

Two classes (one experimental and one control) in a public elementary school located in southern Taiwan participated in this study. Number sense activities were conducted in the experimental class as supplementary teaching materials, while the control class followed the standard mathematics curriculum. Data indicate that there are statistically significant differences between pretest and posttest (pretest and retention-test) scores for the experimental and control classes at the 0.01 level. The scores for the experimental class increased 44% after instruction (the mean score went from 12.35 to 17.81), while the scores for the control class increased only 10% after instruction (the mean score went from 11.29 to 12.42). Compared to the control class, the experimental class made much more progress on number sense tests. Results indicate that students in the teaching class (not including the students in the low level) advanced in their use of number sense strategies when responding to interview questions. The data demonstrate that the teaching of number sense activities, executed in the experimental class, is effective in developing children's number sense. Furthermore, the results of retention demonstrate that the students' learning was meaningful and significant.