Group-based educational inequalities in India: Have major education policy interventions been effective?

Despite seven decades of policy thrust, group-based educational inequalities persist in India. The tenacious social group-based stratification often proves to be a hurdle for educational participation policies to be effectively rolled out. Given these realities, this study reviews all major national education policy interventions since t 1950s. Using four rounds of National Sample Survey (NSS) data, we analysed the pattern of educational attainments in terms of Average Years of Schooling (AYS) and educational inequalities in India for the period 1994-2012. Three indices of inequality - Gini, Theil’s enttropy and Atkinson - have been constructed to study inequality by gender, place of residence and social groups. . We also empirically estimated the determinants of educational attainments in India by using OLS and Tobit Models. Further using the Oaxaca-Blinder Decomposition technique, we analysed the educational attainment gaps between groups. The study concludes that policy interventions have done little to reduce the group-based educational attainment gap and it’s time to place improved focus on secondary and higher education while continuing the efforts in primary education.     

传递对准中基准信息时间延迟的估计与补偿

针对传递对准过程中基准信息时间延迟对传递对准精度的影响,给出了一种基于角速率积分最小方差曲线拟合的时间延迟估计方法.首先,记录一段时间内主、子惯导陀螺传感器的输出数据,并对该数据进行积分.然后,定义基准信息可能存在的时间延迟的最大范围,并在该范围内对主惯导数据进行逐点移位,计算曲线各对应点的差的平方并求和.最后,通过最...     

Application of the Bayes＇ theory to the failure rate evaluation of electrical apparatus

The Weibull distribution has been widely used in reliability fields. A mixed Weibull distribution represents a population that consists of several Weibull subpopulations. In this paper, a new approach which combines the least-squares method with Bayes＇ theorem, takes advantage of the parameter estimation for single Weibull distribution is developed to estimate the parameters of each subpopulation. The estimates given by this paper also satisfy the maximum likelihood equation. The estimates of the failure rate of the mixed Weibull population are given. An actual test data is computed by using the proposed method. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov goodness-of-fit test turns out that the proposed method yields more accurate result.     

基于检索统计系统的《新华文摘》引刊分析

本文通过《新华文摘》2000-2004年的检索统计数据库的建设,从中分析《新华文摘》转摘文献和引用期刊的特点,并利用文献计量方法分析其摘引期刊及核心作者的分布规律,指出评价分析期刊及学术文献应注重引文分析的方法。     

Application of honey-bee mating optimization on state estimation of a power distribution system including distributed generators

We present a new approach based on honey-bee mating optimization to estimate the state variables in distribution networks including distributed generators. The proposed method considers practical models of electrical equipments such as static var compensators, voltage regulators, and under-load tap changer transformers, which have usually nonlinear and discrete characteristics. The feasibility of the proposed approach is demonstrated by comparison with the methods based on neural networks, ant colony optimization, and genetic algorithms for two test systems, a network with 34-bus radial test feeders and a realistic 80-bus 20 kV network.     

Estimation of 2-D ARMA model parameters by using equivalent AR approach

In this paper, the problem of estimating the parameters of a two-dimensional autoregressive moving-average (2-D ARMA) model driven by an unobservable input noise is addressed. In order to solve this problem, the relation between the parameters of a 2-D ARMA model and their 2-D equivalent autoregressive (EAR) model parameters is investigated. Based on this relation, a new algorithm is proposed for determining the 2-D ARMA model parameters from the coefficients of the 2-D EAR model. This algorithm is a three-step approach. In the first step, the parameters of the 2-D EAR model that is approximately equivalent to the 2-D ARMA model are estimated by applying 2-D modified Yule-Walker (MYW) equation to the process under consideration. Then, the moving-average parameters of the 2-D ARMA model are obtained solving the linear equation set constituted by using the EAR coefficients acquired in the first step. Finally, the autoregressive parameters of the 2-D ARMA model are found by exploiting the values obtained in first and second steps. The performance of the proposed algorithm is compared with other 2-D ARMA parameter and spectral estimation algorithms available in the technical literature by means of three different criteria. As a result of this comparison, it is shown that the parameters and the corresponding power spectrums estimated by using the proposed algorithm are converged to the original parameters and the original power spectrums, respectively.     

巴斯卡分布NB(r,p)中参数r的估计

巴斯卡分布NB（r,p)是重要的离散型分布之一，当r已知时，巴斯卡分布NB（r,p)中未知参数p(p∈（0，1））的估计是众所周知的。本文分别在p已知和未知的条件下，研究了参数r(r∈（1，2，…}）的估计，并得到了它们的渐近性质。     

Robust estimator design with an emphasis balance between performance and robustness

From a number of ML estimators (typically unbiased) of practical interest which include the variance for a Gaussian distribution, the standard deviation for a Laplace distribution, the variance for a Rayleigh distribution and a “spread parameter” for a Cauchy distribution, we design robust estimators according to an emphasis balance between normalized performance and normalized robustness. We measure performance with inverted MSE and robustness with a differential geometric approach.     

A large-scale donor attempt to improve educational status of the poor and household income distribution: The experience of PEDC in Vietnam

In 2003, donors combined together in Vietnam to support the provision of quality primary schooling for 226 disadvantaged districts (about a third of the country). US$160 million was invested in infrastructure, materials and training across the 226 districts. The programme has been commended by donors and received good press inside Vietnam. Comparison of achievement surveys in 2001 and 2007 showed, however, that there had been a decline in performance in the targeted districts. This article explores various hypotheses as to how this could have happened; and in particular the increasing amounts spent by better-off households on their children's education.     

识别含水层参数的单纯形-混沌优化算法

以泰斯公式为基础,将单纯形-混沌优化算法应用于分析抽水试验数据,求解含水层参数函数优化问题。采用具有搜索速度快、局部搜索能力强等优点的单纯形算法与全局搜索能力强的混沌优化算法结合的单纯形-混沌优化算法。数值实验结果表明：单纯形-混沌优化算法可有效地应用于求解含水层参数函数优化问题;待估参数导水系数的初始取值范围、粗搜索次数和混沌序列长度对算法的收敛速度有一定的影响,但不会影响算法的收敛性。