复杂适应系统理论及其对二语习得研究的启示

复杂适应系统理论是Holland于1994年正式提出的新一代系统理论,迄今已在经济、生物、哲学以及社会科学等领域得到成功应用.同样,该理论也为学者研究语言提供了新的理论框架.本文就是在这一背景下尝试探讨其对第二语言习得研究中的个体差异研究、写作研究以及研究方法的启示.个体差异是语言、主体和环境互动的产物,是动态化和过程...     

Culture Differences and College English Reading

Cultural differences have a great effect on English learning,especially on college English reading.Reading is a crucial tool in acquiring information and knowledge.Culture cannot be separated from language.College English reading should focus on the differences of culture.It is important to understand how to lay stress on the differences in the course of college English teaching and learning about reading for increasing students’ ability of reading.This thesis analyzes the influence of culture on English reading and tries to set up a principle of teaching English through culture.To support my point of view,the relationship between language and culture is discussed first.Language is a part of culture and shaped by culture;it is also the carrier of culture and reflects cultural features of a community in which the language is spoken.Language and culture are closely related with each other.From the aspect of language teaching and learning,to teach a foreign language is to teach another culture;to learn a language is also to learn another culture.     

遍指性非差比义构式

借鉴构式语法理论的框架,对递进性差比义构式进行全面考察,将其分为A、B、C、D四种变式,并对各种变式之间的承继关系以及该构式的成因进行认知范畴的探索,给出合理的解释。非典型的构式（D式）发生了“质变”,表达“遍指性非差比义”,而这个构式义无法从“一M比一M”中推导出来,因而是更典型的构式。指出遍指性非差比义其质变的根源在于“量级序列”的缺失,“比”的原型义虚化,从“实比”演化为“虚比”。     

地区间城乡义务教育公平差异研究

本文构建了城乡义务教育公平指数,并计算了2003年和2007年全国31个地区的城乡义务教育公平指数得分。近年来绝大部分地区城乡义务教育公平情况有所改善。但是,横向比较来看,不同地区差异很大。随后,本文从城乡经济发展差异和政府财政管理体制两个方面论述了城乡义务教育公平指数的影响因素,并采用回归分解的计量分析方法进一步探讨了不同地区城乡义务教育公平指数得分差异的关键原因。研究发现,省内财政分权是地区间城乡义务教育公平水平差异的最主要决定因素,它解释了地区间城乡义务教育公平指数差异的42%。最后,还探讨了省内财政分权影响城乡义务教育公平的作用机制。     

从语义范畴的角度看“想”与“考虑”的差异——基于对外汉语教学的词语辨析

运用框架语义学的理论和方法对＂想＂与＂考虑＂的义项进行描写和辨析,发现被已有工具书释作同义词的＂想（1）＂与＂考虑＂实际上只有一个义项相同：＂思考＂义。此外,＂考虑＂还有两个义项是＂想＂没有的：一是＂把……考虑进去（使……成为思考对象）＂;二是＂顾及＂,同为＂思考＂义时,二者亦有细微差异：＂想＂带有[＋想象]的义征,＂考虑＂带有[＋强度大]的义征。这些语义上的差异决定了二者用法上的种种不同。不懂这些语义差异是造成留学生混用这对词语的根本原因。     

荀子礼的社会理想价值及其哲学论证

荀子的社会理想是维护和建立社会等差秩序。他从价值理性和工具理性两个层面架构礼,表达了他的社会理想。他为社会等差秩序的合理性作了哲学的论证,使得这种秩序具有了形而上的意义。     

Gender differences in performance in mathematics at the end of lower secondary school in Italy

The paper deals with the investigation of gender differences in performances in mathematics for Italian students at the end of lower secondary school. The study is based on a new large-scale assessment test developed and administered by the National Evaluation Institute for the School System. Given the evidence in the literature which favors males, performances of female and male students are compared using different approaches. Scores proposed by educational experts based on item subgroups were considered, while a model-based approach was used within item response theory. The results revealed a significant advantage to males in overall performance, while no meaningful differences were observed with respect to item domain and type. An interpretable item map was developed crossing expert opinions with IRT abilities, and plausible proficiency levels were defined. According to the map-based student classification, a relatively lower percentage of females fell into the highest proficiency groups with respect to males.     

框架结构在季节温差及混凝土收缩作用下的内力分析

以有限元方法为理论基础,借助于大型通用有限元软件ANSYS,利用Beam4单元及Shell63单元建立符合实际情况的框架模型,施加季节温差,并将混凝土收缩折算成温差作用,分析框架结构变形、梁柱内力、板中的应力大小和分布的变化规律,并提出混凝土框架结构设计建议。     

论和谐管理的基本原则

作为理想的管理境界,和谐一直是人类的共同追求。从管理哲学的角度来看,达致和谐的管理之境至少要遵循如下三条基本原则：恰当对待差异的原则、协调性与融合性原则以及个体与组织之间的良性交换原则。在和谐理念开始渗透到管理的各个领域之际,希望本文对和谐管理理论与和谐管理实践的发展能有所助益。     

4-component 2-D CFDFD method in analysis of lossy circular waveguide with fractal rough surface

In this paper, equivalent surface impedance boundary condition (ESIBC), which takes fractal parameters (D, G) into SIBC, is implemented in the 4-component 2-D compact finite difference frequency domain (2-D CFDFD) method to an- alyze the propagation characteristics of lossy circular waveguide with fractal rough surface based on Weierstrass-Mandelbrot (W-M) function. Fractal parameters’ effects on attenuation constant are presented in the 3 mm lossy circular waveguide, and the attenuation constants of the fi...