A Comparative Study of Pre-Service Teachers’ Views on Ethical Issues in Classroom Assessment in China and the United States

The purpose of this study was to compare pre-service teachers’ views of ethical issues in assessment practices in the US and China. Focus group interviews were conducted among 16 pre-service teachers from the US and 15 pre-service teachers from China. Results indicated that the inclusion of effort in grading is a key issue for the pre-service teachers in both the US and China. American pre-service teachers have more consistent views with experts regarding using multiple assessment methods and communications about grading. Pre-service teachers in both countries appeared to have consistent views with experts regarding the confidentiality and standardized test preparation. The findings of this study can help build guidelines regarding ethical issues in classroom assessment.     

Ethical and political dimensions of action research and lesson study: reflections from a research project on a controversial issue in Cyprus

ABSTRACT

As educational interventions that integrate death issues in the school curriculum are rarely designed, implemented and evaluated, our action research (AR) project aimed at investigating the complexities of integrating the concepts of loss and grief in the primary school curriculum of Cyprus. The purpose of this paper is to identify and analyze convergences and divergences between AR and lesson study (LS), as they emerged in our project. We particularly focus on the ways that AR served to legitimate ethically and politically those aspects of the project that constituted the experimentation of lesson plans on loss and grief. The AR and LS elements of our project functioned differently and served different purposes, and we speculate that this is not irrelevant to the controversial aspects of the lesson plans’ topic, namely loss and grief. The paper argues that it may be strategically important, for ethical and political reasons, to both demarcate and associate AR and LS, navigating between them, particularly if a controversial issue is involved.     

“发展”伦理涵义的合理性质疑

当前“发展伦理”研究领域中对“发展”的伦理涵义界定的三种方法。即对经验事实的归纳表述、对某一或某些具体问题价值的反思和广义视角的综合,无法确保“发展”的伦理涵义本身的明晰性和普遍有效性,由此导致发展伦理研究中的许多问题。解决这些问题,应该从“发展”本身涵义显示的人类学前提出发,才能界定“发展”的伦理涵义并保证其普遍合理性。     

试论周恩来伦理思想的内涵和基本特征

周恩来伦理思想是指导我国社会主义、共产主义思想道德建设的科学理论,是毛泽东伦理思想的重要组成部分。理想性、人民性、实践性是周恩来伦理思想的基本特征。在改革开放和发展市场经济条件下,学习、研究周恩来伦理思想具有重要的理论价值和实践意义。     

13‐year‐olds’ perception of bullying: definitions,reasons for victimisation and experience of adults’ response

This study formed the second wave of a longitudinal research project examining bullying from the students’ perspective. A sample of 877 Swedish 13‐year‐olds filled out a questionnaire regarding the definition of bullying, reasons for why some students are bullied and the experience of adults’ response to bullying. In their definitions, girls were more likely than boys to include the victims’ experience of bullying, whereas boys were more likely than girls to mention bullying as an imbalance of power and a set of repeated actions. Assigning responsibility for the bullying to the bully was more common among girls and bullied adolescents than among boys and non‐bullied adolescents. Furthermore, among bullied adolescents, 23% had not told anyone about the bullying and 35% had not received any help.     

Teachers’ discourse during cooperative learning and their perceptions of this pedagogical practice

This article describes the types of discourse seven high school teachers used during cooperative leaning. One classroom lesson where students worked in cooperating groups was audiotaped and fully transcribed for each teacher and a vignette of two of the teachers and one of the groups in his or her room are also provided. The data from the audiotapes showed that the teachers used a range of mediated-learning behaviours that included challenging students’ perspectives, asking cognitive and metacognitive questions, and scaffolding students’ learning. In turn, the students used many of the discourses they heard their teachers use in their interactions with each other. Follow-up interviews of teachers’ perceptions of cooperative learning as a pedagogical practice that had efficacy revealed that they believed it was important to structure the groups (i.e., tasks, composition), teach the appropriate social skills, and present tasks that encouraged students to think critically and reflectively about their learning.     

历史唯物主义视域下的伦理突破——论马克思伦理思想的特质

马克思的伦理思想在伦理思想史上具有重要的转折意义,分析和理解这种转折意义应从马克思创立历史唯物主义的目标指向和历史唯物主义的本质意义上来进行。将人的完善、社会的发展、历史的进步这三者统一起来,是马克思伦理道德观念展示的宏阔背景或根本内涵。而在社会主义道德建设过程中,坚持以人为本,坚持从我国国情出发,克服道德说教,都是符合马克思的道德思想的。     

论法律伦理精神与现代法治精神

现代法治精神的建构是以一定的国家独有传统法律精神为基础的。中国的传统法律精神是一种法律伦理精神,在当代中国法治建设的进程中,法律伦理精神与现代法治精神产生了强烈的碰撞。中国特色社会主义现代法治精神是中国迈向法治现代化的必然要求,建构中国特色社会主义现代法治精神必须实现从法律伦理精神向现代法治精神的转型。     

论实现和谐语言的伦理学对策

构建和谐社会是全体中国人的共同愿望。和谐语言则是和谐社会的基石。建立和谐社会需要一个和谐的语言环境。提倡和谐语言,不仅属于语言问题,也属于伦理道德问题,有赖于全民教育水准和道德水准的提高,从而促进言语道德水平的提高。文章从伦理学的视角探讨了实现和谐语言的对策：汲取中华传统文化中的精华;制定富有时代气息的当代言语道德规范;提高公众对不和谐语言危害性的认识;提高公众的个人言语道德素养。     

礼教下母亲的两难选择——论崔夫人

《西厢记》中的崔夫人不仅仅是个封建礼教的卫道者,作为一位普通的母亲,在她身上更能体现出来的是慈母的人性美。礼教与现实将她置于两难选择境地当中,她却试图找到一个完美的结合点,从而也使她的形象更为丰富、逼真。