沈阳东陵天柱山油松栎林群落结构特征的研究

本文通过对油松栋林生活型分析，结果表明：地面芽植物占优势(37．04％)，然后依次为高位芽植物(32．09％)，地下芽植物(20．99％)，一年生植物(7．41％)，地上芽植物(2．47％)。油松栋林可明显分为3层，即乔木层、灌木层、草木层。在乔木居中，根据林木图解图表明，油松为群落的优势种，关于群落镶嵌结构的研究，在油松栋林群落中划分出4个小群落。     

神的名义与族群意志——南方民族神话对早期社会内部的规范

南方民族先民树立的体现自己愿望的神灵形象，不仅寄托着人们支配自然的愿望，也担负着社会的责任，担负着对内凝聚族群意志，对外确立族群地位的功能。因而，人们所创造的关于这些神灵的神话，不仅叙述了他们如何开天辟地，如何战胜灾害性天气，如何确立族类在大自然中的地莅，也叙述了他们对族群社会结构，对族群成员行为的规范，以及如何确立自己族群在各族群之间的地位。     

International minority ethnic academics at predominantly white institutions

Using critical race theory, this article examines the racial positioning of British international minority ethnic (IME) academics in predominantly White institutions (PWIs). Empirical data, in the form of 28 in-depth interviews with IME academics, is used to analyze the complex raced and gendered positionalities of IME academics in institutions of higher education in the United States. We argue that the institutional contexts of predominantly White universities continue to re-affirm White privilege in ways that reflect the struggles in higher education to diversify faculty at PWIs. As scholars call for more diversity across higher education campuses, we suggest that it is important to understand the interconnections between policy and practice surrounding attempts to recruit and retain IME academics.     

社区中的教育资源对于推行全纳教育的作用

全纳教育已经成为当今特殊教育发展的趋势 ,笔者认为在推行全纳教育的过程中 ,社区中蕴藏着的各种教育资源可以发挥出巨大的作用。本文首先对全纳教育的理念作简要的归纳 ,然后分析社区中蕴藏着哪些可能为全纳教育的推行提供帮助的教育资源 ,并从五个方面具体探讨这些资源所能够发挥的作用。最后对如何使这些作用得以充分的发挥提出建议。     

社区文化中青少年体育非营利组织的功能与发展分析——以"青少年体育俱乐部"为例

从非营利组织与公共服务的视角,阐释了青少年体育俱乐部这种典型的体育非营利组织在丰富社区文化及促进青少年身心健康方面发挥的重要功能,并结合我国非营利组织的发展背景,提出目前青少年体育俱乐部发展方面存在宣传不足、发展定位保守、法规资源欠缺等问题,同时提出积极宣传运营、扩大规模、完善法规政策等建议,为促进我国此类非营利组织的发展提供参考.     

Issues of Power and Representation: Adapting Positionality and Reflexivity in Community‐Based Design

Increasingly designers from an array of different disciplinary backgrounds work in international and community development, yet design education rarely prepares them for the challenges and roles in this context. The article reflects on issues of power and representation during design research in The Gambia by adapting reflexivity and positionality which are key concepts established in development studies. Reflections are based on research carried out in The Gambia since 2010 which is comprised of phases of immersion, mapping and co‐design. They provide in‐depth insights currently lacking in design literature that demonstrate the value of reflexivity and positionality to iterate roles and methods in community‐based design. Whilst not suggesting particular teaching methods, the article proposes the integration of these concepts into existing structures to better prepare students for increasingly common futures in the workplace. Broader themes that emerge and can be adapted to different design contexts include building trust, entanglement in power dynamics between different actors, personal vulnerability, as well as the need to challenge problems as starting points for design interventions.     

A focused analysis of TVET: unique opportunities and strategies for investing in and engaging youth in Nicaraguan society

Technical and vocational education and training (TVET) is increasingly emphasised by international education organisations. In Nicaragua, particularly, this type of engagement is viewed as a potential for boosting the economy, improving employment and building the infrastructure and sustainability of remote and marginalised communities. To date, one specific region in Nicaragua has thoughtfully engaged multiple sectors to support TVET through public–private partnerships (PPPs) and community-level networks. The data for this article were collected through in-person interviews with TVET stakeholders over a two-week site visit in support of a USAID evaluation. In addition to interviews, data collection included analyses of the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and challenges of TVET providers in the region. This study considers the demographics, economics and educational realities of Nicaragua and the potential for PPPs to enhance opportunities for youth and community development.     

Bleak Houses and Secret Cities: Alternative Communities in Young Adult Fiction

This essay examines novels in which children or teens in an urban environment, left on their own for a variety of reasons (such as poverty, war, plague, nuclear disaster, or technological breakdown), join together to form a community that explores alternative versions of home and family. The urban survival novel, to distinguish it from the more popular wilderness survival story, encompasses a wide variety of genres, including fantasy, satire, science fiction, social realism, and historical fiction. These novels involve dramatic shifts of perspective—inside/outside, above/below, before/after—which challenge protagonists (and readers) to see the world around them differently and to confront other points of view. The 1970s ushered in a wave of urban survival fiction that has continued to the present; I speculate on why these survival scenarios have proved so compelling for young adult readers.     

社区教育:新世纪现代化建设的支点

21世纪前期是我国社会主义现代化建设重要的“战略机遇期”。国际、国内经验表明 ,现代化建设要求国民素质现代化的支持 ,而社区教育是对国民进行现代化素质教育的最佳方式。新世纪前期 ,我国必须以社区教育为“支点” ,为社会主义现代化建设的快速发展加力     

论教师教育反思的策略

反思的本质在于将过去的事件纳入认识的视野,赋予事件一个教育学的意义,领会其中丰富的教育意蕴。教育反思对教育实践和教师专业成长具有重要意义。实现深刻的教育反思应该具备批判的态度、开放的理论视角和叙事研究、行动研究、建构反思共同体等行之有效的方法。