利用语义约束实现用户个性化的服务组合算法

为了提高服务组合的质量和效率,提出了一种基于语义约束的服务组合算法.算法中,首先利用2层语义匹配算法对用户需求和服务库中的服务进行比较,利用用户约束性个性化需求对符合匹配的服务进行筛选,从而在第一时间缩小了服务组合算法执行过程中服务的搜索空间,然后对候选的服务组合组件进行用户趋向性个性化需求计算,选择其中最符合用户个性化需求的服务构成最终的服务组合.通过仿真实验证明,该算法有效提高了服务组合算法的运行效率,并且保证了用户的个性化需求得到最大满足.     

苗族服饰的生境考察

民族服饰的现状和发展由它所处的民族文化生境所制约,从对昌宁县苗族服饰目前所处的自然环境、社会环境和精神环境田野调查中,可以发现其既有存在的基础,但又面临着诸多困境,苗族服饰文化要在当今时代背景下获得持久弥新的生命力,必将有赖于与之相协调的民族文化生境的构建。     

音、体、美、舞蹈专业教育对青春期女大学生体成分与骨密度的影响*

目的:比较音、体、美、舞蹈专业教育对青春期女大学生体成分及骨密度(BMD)的影响.方法:采用双能X线吸收法和生物电阻抗法对232名岭南师范学院音、体、美、舞蹈及普通专业大一女生体成分和骨密度进行测试.结果:①体育生和舞蹈生腰臀比、体脂百分比低于音乐生、美术生与普通生,而体重、肌肉量却高于音乐生、美术生与普通生;音乐生与美术生的体重高于普通生,具有统计学差异(p＜0.05).②体育生和舞蹈生前臂骨和跟骨的骨密度值均高于音乐生、美术生与普通生;美术生跟骨骨密度高于音乐生与普通生,差异具有统计学意义(p＜0.05);体育生前臂骨跟骨骨密度与普通生比分别高出,13.63％,22.31％.结论:音、体、美、舞蹈专业教育对青春期女大学生体成分和骨密度的影响各有不同:经常参与体育与舞蹈锻炼,能增加去脂体重,有效提高骨密度;音乐与美术专业教育对女生形体美的塑造有一定作用,但却不能有效提高去脂体重和骨密度、减少体脂量及体脂在腰部的堆积.     

我国少数民族群众体育政策的历史演进

摘要：运用政策学理论,采用献资料法、访谈法等研究方法,对我国少数民族群众体育政策的演进历程、特点和存在的问题进行了梳理和分析,研究发现：新中国成立以来,中央到地方的各级人民政府出台的体育政策文件中,都包含有大量关于保护和发展少数民族群众体育政策的论述。这些政策扶持和促进了少数民族群众体育工作的开展,维护和保障了少数民族的体育权益。在新中国成立初期,体育成为党和政府融合民族关系,建立统一战线的桥梁。改革开放以后,随着中国共产党领导人的国际性视野不断加强,对民族文化内涵理解不断深化,符合时代需要的少数民族群众体育政策也不断出台,并逐渐完善。特别是21世纪以来,少数民族群众体育政策在中国社会主义和谐社会的建设实践中,不断规范化和法制化,政策体系也逐渐完善,优惠政策也更加细化和多样化。这对新时期制定我国少数民族群众体育政策和发展方针具有较强现实意义。     

广西河池地区7—18岁瑶族儿童少年机能素质发育水平5年动态比较

通过对2000年至2005年广西壮族自治区河池地区7—18岁瑶族儿童少年生理机能、身体素质发育状况的两次调查发现：5年间,7—18岁瑶族儿少的心肺功能有一定的提高,而在身体素质方面,城市男女学生情况较乐观,而乡村男女身体素质降多提少,尤其乡村女生情况令人担忧。提示当地政府、学校要加强农村学生,尤其是农村女学生的体质健康教育,大力发展少数民族地区经济、加大宣传力度、采取灵活措施让学生养成体育锻炼的习惯。     

跆拳道对中国武术国际化发展的启示

跆拳道作为东方传统体育的代表之一,成功成为奥运会比赛项目,标志着它在国际化发展中获得了广泛的认可。这对于一大批正在准备进行或者正在进行国际化发展的东方民族体育项目来说,具有重要的参考价值。其主要经验表现为:第一,在国际化发展中拥有坚实的经济基础;第二,成功地运用现代体育学的要求进行改造,使跆拳道能够有效地促进人体健康并预防意外伤害,这也是其成为现代体育项目的重要标志;第三,在积极推进国际化的过程中保留了浓郁的民族性,有利于向世界展现韩国文化独特的魅力。因此,武术要发展,首先必须完善武术发展的产业基础,积极运用现代体育科学来进一步规范武术的形式,合理控制不安全行为的发生,并尽可能保持武术的民族文化特色。     

对全国少数民族传统体育运动会社会价值的初步研究

文章通过文献资料研究方法,对全国少数民族传统体育运动会的社会价值进行了研究。认为全国少数民族传统体育运动会已具备政治价值、经济价值和文化价值三个方面的社会价值。当前需要在构建全国少数民族传统体育运动会独特体育文化、完善规则制定方法、加强组织管理等方面对其社会价值作相应的提升。     

Estimating fat-free mass in elite-level male rowers: a four-compartment model validation of laboratory and field methods

The purpose of this study was to investigate the accuracy of fat-free mass (FFM) estimates from two-compartment (2C) models including air displacement plethysmography (ADP), ultrasound (US), near-infrared interactance (NIR), and the Jackson and Pollock skinfold equation (SKF) against a criterion four-compartment (4C) model in elite male rowers. METHODS: Twenty-three elite-level male rowers (mean± SD; age 24.6 ± 2.2 years; stature: 191.4 ± 7.2 cm; mass: 87.2 ± 11.2 kg) participated in this investigation. All body composition assessments were performed on the same day in random order, except for hydrostatic weighing (HW), which was measured last. FFM was evaluated using a 4C model, which included total body water from bioimpedance spectroscopy, body volume from HW, and total body bone mineral via dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. The major findings of the study were that the 2C models evaluated overestimated FFM and should be considered with caution for the assessment of FFM in elite male rowers. Future studies should use multiple-compartment models, with measurement of TBW and bone mineral content, for the estimation of FFM.     

Association of different types of playing surfaces with bone mass in growing girls

The aim of this cross-sectional study was to compare bone mass in young female athletes playing ball games on different types of playing surfaces. About 120 girls, 9–13 years of age (10.6 ± 1.5 years old Tanner I–III) were recruited and divided into prepubertal and pubertal groups. The sample represented 3 groups of athletes: soccer (N = 40), basketball (N = 40), and handball (N = 40); and 6 different playing surfaces (soccer – ground, soccer – artificial turf, basketball – synthetic, basketball – parquet, handball – synthetic, and handball – smooth concrete). Total and regional body composition (bone mass, fat mass, and lean mass) were measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). The mechanical properties of the surfaces (force reduction, vertical deformation, and energy return) were measured with the Advanced Artificial Athlete (Triple A) method. The degree of sexual development was determined using Tanner test. The pubertal group showed that soccer players on the ground, basketball players on synthetic, and handball players on smooth concrete had higher values of bone mineral content (BMC) and bone mineral density (BMD) (P < 0.05) than the soccer players on the artificial turf, basketball players on parquet, and handball players on synthetic. In conclusion, a hard playing surface, with less vertical deformation and force reduction, and greater energy return, is associated with higher levels of BMD and BMC in growing girls, regardless of the sport they practice.     

Physical Inactivity,Obesity, and Type 2 Diabetes: An Evolutionary Perspective

Physical inactivity (and unhealthy nutrition) has distorted body composition and, in turn, reordered the proportions of myocyte and adipocyte insulin receptors. Insulin acting on adipocyte receptors produces less glucose uptake than does comparable interaction with myocyte receptors. Accordingly, in individuals with disproportionate muscle/fat composition, any given glucose load requires greater-than-normal pancreatic insulin secretion for adequate disposal. This hyperinsulinemia then becomes the leading cause of type 2 diabetes (T2DM) as insulin-sensitive tissues become desensitized. Because T2DM is rooted in potentially reversible lifestyle factors, rather than focusing on the intricacies of glucoregulation at the molecular level and on testing new drugs to control blood sugar, this article calls for a new prevention and treatment paradigm, in which exercise and weight control are essential and for which an inexpensive and acceptably accurate measure of body muscle and fat proportions is needed.