短期封闭式综合干预对肥胖男少年体成分、瘦素及睾酮的影响

目的:探寻短期(15天)封闭综合干预对肥胖男少年体成分、瘦素及性激素的影响,为防治少年肥胖,改善性发育不良提供科学的实验依据.方法:10名体脂含量正常男少年为对照组,10名肥胖男少年为实验组(给予短期综合干预),干预前测定对照组与实验组相关指标进行组间比较,干预后测定实验组相关指标进行组内比较.结果:干预前实验组体成分、血糖、胰岛素、瘦素均显著高于对照组(P＜0.01;P＜0.01;P＜0.01;P＜0.05),睾酮显著低于对照组(P＜0.05);干预后实验组体重、体脂含量、体脂率、瘦体重、血糖、胰岛素、瘦素、睾酮均显著下降(P＜0.01;P＜0.01;P＜0.01;P＜0.01;P＜0.01、P＜0.01、P＜0.01、P＜0.05);胰岛素与体重、体脂含量、体脂率、瘦体重呈正相关(P＜0.05;P ＜0.01;P＜0.01;P＜0.05),瘦素与体脂含量、体脂率、胰岛素呈正相关(P＜0.05;P＜0.01;P＜0.05).结论:短期(15天)的综合干预能有效地减少肥胖男少年的体脂含量,改善胰岛素抵抗和瘦素抵抗,但对改善肥胖男少年性发育不良暂时无明显影响,长期的影响还有待进一步的研究.     

广西河池地区7—18岁瑶族儿童少年机能素质发育水平5年动态比较

通过对2000年至2005年广西壮族自治区河池地区7—18岁瑶族儿童少年生理机能、身体素质发育状况的两次调查发现：5年间,7—18岁瑶族儿少的心肺功能有一定的提高,而在身体素质方面,城市男女学生情况较乐观,而乡村男女身体素质降多提少,尤其乡村女生情况令人担忧。提示当地政府、学校要加强农村学生,尤其是农村女学生的体质健康教育,大力发展少数民族地区经济、加大宣传力度、采取灵活措施让学生养成体育锻炼的习惯。     

湖北省少数民族传统体育旅游市场的研究

在分析湖北省体育旅游市场现存问题的基础上,结合湖北少数民族传统体育旅游市场自身的特点、特色及其优势,对湖北少数民族传统体育旅游市场的开发与投资进行了具体的分析研究,旨在开发少数民族传统体育旅游资源,培育少数民族传统体育旅游市场,打造少数民族传统体育旅游的特色品牌。     

Test–retest reliability of a battery of field-based health-related fitness measures for adolescents

Abstract

The main aim of this study was to determine the test–retest reliability of existing tests of health-related fitness. Participants (mean age 14.8 years, s = 0.4) were 42 boys and 26 girls who completed the study assessments on two occasions separated by one week. The following tests were conducted: bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) to calculate percent body fat, leg dynamometer, 90° push-up, 7-stage sit-up, and wall squat tests. Intra-class correlation (ICC), paired samples t-tests, and typical error expressed as a coefficient of variation were calculated. The mean percent body fat intra-class correlation coefficient was similar for boys (ICC = 0.95) and girls (ICC = 0.93), but the mean coefficient of variation was considerably higher for boys than girls (22.2% vs. 12.2%). The boys' coefficients of variation for the tests of muscular fitness ranged from 9.0% for the leg dynamometer test to 26.5% for the timed wall squat test. The girls' coefficients of variation ranged from 17.1% for the sit-up test to 21.4% for the push-up test. Although the BIA machine produced reliable estimates of percent body fat, the tests of muscular fitness resulted in high systematic error, suggesting that these measures may require an extensive familiarization phase before the results can be considered reliable.     

Exercise training increases the S-Klotho plasma levels in sedentary middle-aged adults: A randomised controlled trial. The FIT-AGEING study

ABSTRACT

This study aimed to investigate the effects of different training modalities on the soluble Klotho (S-Klotho) plasma levels in sedentary middle-aged adults. A total of 74 middle-aged adults (53.4 ± 5.0 years old; 52.7% women) were enrolled in the FIT-AGEING study. We conducted a 12-week randomised controlled trial. The participants were randomly assigned to 4 different groups: (i) a control group (no exercise), (ii) a physical activity recommendation from the World Health Organization group (PAR), (iii) a high intensity interval training group (HIIT), and (iv) a high intensity interval training group adding whole-body electromyostimulation training group (HIIT-EMS). S-Klotho plasma levels, anthropometric measurements, and body composition variables were measured before and after the intervention programme. All exercise training modalities induced an increase in the S-Klotho plasma levels (all P ≤ 0.019) without statistical differences between them (all P ≥ 0.696). We found a positive association between changes in lean mass index and changes in the S-Klotho plasma levels, whereas a negative association was reported between changes in fat mass outcomes and changes in the S-Klotho plasma levels after our intervention study. In conclusion, our results suggest that the link between exercise training and the increase in S-Klotho plasma levels could be mediated by a decrease of fat mass and an increase of lean mass.     

Bone mineral density and lean mass asymmetries are greater in cyclists than non-cyclists

ABSTRACT

Cyclists may be at greater risk of developing asymmetrical force and motion patterns than other ground-based athletes. However, functional asymmetries during cycling tend to be highly variable, making them difficult to assess. Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) measurements of areal bone mineral density (aBMD) and lean mass (LM) in the lower limbs may be a more sensitive and consistent method to identify asymmetries in cyclists. The goal of this study was to determine if competitive cyclists have greater levels of asymmetries in the lower body compared to non-cyclists using DXA. A secondary aim was to determine if aBMD and LM asymmetries change over the road cycling season. 17 competitive cyclists and 21 non-cyclist, healthy controls underwent DXA scans. Lower-body asymmetries were greater in cyclists compared to non-cyclists in aBMD and LM for all lower limb segments. However, these asymmetries did not tend to consistently favour a particular side, except for the pelvis having more LM on the dominant side. The were no longitudinal changes in aBMD or LM in the cyclists. Asymmetry analysis via DXA provides evidence that although functional asymmetries during cycling are variable, cyclists have increased lower body LM and aBMD asymmetries compared to non-cyclists.     

Matching of Male and Female Subjects Using VO2 max

Abstract

We compared cardiorespiratory responses to exercise on an underwater treadmill (UTM) and land treadmill (LTM) and derived an equation to estimate oxygen consumption (VO₂) during UTM exercise. Fifty-five men and women completed one LTM and five UTM exercise sessions on separate days. The UTM sessions consisted of chest-deep immersion, with 0, 25, 50, 75, and 100% water-jet resistance. All session treadmill velocities increased every 3 min from 53.6 to 187.8 m·min^-1. Cardiorespiratory responses were similar between LTM and UTM when jet resistance for UTM was ≥ 50%. Using multiple regression analysis, weight-relative VO₂ could be estimated as: VO₂ (mLO₂·kg^-1·min^-1) = 0.19248 · height (cm) + 0.17422 · jet resistance (% max) + 0.14092 · velocity (m·min^-1) - 0.12794 · weight (kg) - 27.82849, R²= .82. Our data indicate that similar LTM and UTM cardiorespiratory responses are achievable, and we provide a reasonable estimate of UTM VO₂.     

低氧训练过程中大鼠体重及能量代谢的变化

目的：研究低氧训练过程中大鼠体重、体成分、能量摄入及静息代谢率的变化，初步探讨低氧训练过程中大鼠体重变化与能量代谢变化间关系。方法：经过适应性训练筛选出的50只SD大鼠平均分为5组，保证每组大鼠体重基本一致，随机分为常氧安静组、常氧限食组、常氧训练组、低氧安静组、低氧训练组。训练组大鼠采用水平动物跑台进行耐力训练6周。试验期间每周称量大鼠体重，每3天称量一次大鼠食物摄入量。试验前、试验1周、3周、5周末测定大鼠静息代谢率，试验后处死大鼠并剥离其肾周、腹股沟脂肪及腓肠肌，称量其重量。结果：低氧训练组大鼠体重增幅除在第6周末与常氧训练组无显著性差异外，均显著性低于其他试验组，试验前3周其体重出现负增长。试验后低氧训练组大鼠肾周及腹股沟脂肪总含量显著低于其他试验组，而腓肠肌重量与其他组无显著性差异。低氧训练组大鼠试验期间总食物摄入量较其他各组大鼠低，尤其在前3周。低氧训练组大鼠静息代谢率先上升而后逐渐下降，至试验3周末时仍高于试验前值，试验5周末时降至低于试验前值（差异不显著），而除低氧安静组外的其他组大鼠静息代谢率则持续下降，至试验5周末时均显著性低于试验前水平。结论：从减缓体重增加幅度及对体成分的影响角度看，低氧训练减体重的效果优于限制饮食、耐力训练及低氧暴露。低氧训练过程中食物摄入量减少及静息代谢率增加可能是大鼠体重增长减缓的原因。     

补充糖+乳清蛋白对业余足球运动员运动能力影响的研究

目的:普通高校业余足球队运动员在备战广东省第7届大学生运动会训练期间,观察补充低聚糖 乳清蛋白(4:1)饮料对体成分、部分血生化指标和运动能力的影响。方法:16名男性普通高校业余足球队运动员随机分成对照组(n=8)和实验组(n=8),进行为期12周的实验,实验组运动员在每天训练前即刻、训练后1h内和临睡前,择时补充糖 乳清蛋白,对照组运动员则补充纯净水,实验前后分别进行体成分、血生化指标和体能测试,并统计整个大运会每场比赛结果。结果:足球运动员补充低聚糖加乳清蛋白能有效地保护红细胞功能,预防血红蛋白水平的下降,同时可提高体能、促进疲劳的消除,对维持肌肉微结构有积极作用。     

日韩武技现代化对我国学校武术的启示

时至今日,武术仍未能很好地进入校园,其原因何在,如何从柔道、跆拳道、空手道的成功现代化和国际化当中寻求启发,成为紧迫论题。主要运用文献资料法,基于对学校武术历史、现状的反思和日韩武技现代化的启示,对我国学校武术的根本问题和根本方略做出探讨。研究认为,学校武术开展的现状不能实现中华民族赋予它的文化使命,日韩武技现代化的经验可为我们提供启示——将传统意义上的搏杀武技改造为一项现代文明搏击项目,该项目需满足几个趋势保证安全文明化、保持技击本质性、具有游戏趣味性、彰显民族独特性。在此基础上,做出武术以太极推手形式进入校园的提案。