计算非共沸制冷剂循环浓度的有效方法

研究了现代空调和制冷系统中非共沸制冷剂发生的组分迁移问题. 研究发现, 组分迁移现象的4种引发机理都与混合工质的分馏有关. 本文模拟了工质在换热器中的分馏滞流. 将换热器分解成若干微元, 选用恰当的空泡数学模型, 计算各组分在换热器中的滞留量. 系统的循环浓度根据换热器中制冷剂的分馏滞留程度来计算. 通过模拟研究, 证明了模型的可靠性. 该研究结果可以应用于提高非共沸制冷剂在制冷设备应用中的可靠性和效率.     

21世纪中学体育教师素养及其构成因素分析

素养是素质的重要组成部分,21世纪中学体育教师的素养主要由思想品德素养、文化知识素养和劳动能力素养三个因素构成;其中思想品德是最重要的素养,它决定着人的道德方向和行为方向;文化知识素养是体育教师获得劳动成果的先决条件;劳动能力是体育教师开展教学活动必备的条件。     

临沂市GDP的最优加权组合预测

根据最优加权组合建模理论，利用临沂市1990～2003年GDP资料数据，采取最优加权组合预测方法来预测临沂市GDP的发展变化趋势，以期为区域经济发展提供科学依据。     

教育发展对少数民族男女性别观念的影响

本研究使用2010年第三期中国妇女社会地位调查数据分析了教育发展对于少数民族男女性别观念的影响。研究发现:少数民族男女在姓氏继承、财产继承、性别分工观念上存在差别,两性在财产继承和性别分工上的看法差距较小,对财产继承的看法均表现为偏向现代一端,对性别分工的看法均偏向传统一端。姓氏继承上两性差别最大,男性处于传统-现代连续统的中间状态,女性处于更偏向现代的一端。教育发展能够显著促进少数民族男女性别观念的现代转向,其影响由表及里,首先较多改变的是与利益相关的财产继承观念,其次是与规范认知相关的性别分工观,最后是与价值相关的姓氏继承观。进一步提升少数民族男女的教育水平有助于促进性别平等事业和社会经济更为包容、可持续的发展。     

贵州南部少数民族地区体育教师现状调研

对贵州南部少数民族地区体育教师的现状进行调查研究,结果表明:该地区体育教师队伍相对较为稳定,民族结构合理,政治素质和健康状况良好。但年龄结构不尽合理,过于年轻化;男女教师总体比例基本合理,但是有局部配置失衡的现象。低学历、低职称的比例偏高。教师的总体数量不能满足教学需要,教师工作量偏大,且待遇低。教师对民族传统体育项目的掌握和应用能力较差,科研水平较低。     

Improving health-related fitness in adolescents: the CrossFit Teens™ randomised controlled trial

The aim of this study was to evaluate the preliminary efficacy and feasibility of the CrossFit Teens? resistance training programme for improving health-related fitness and resistance training skill competency in adolescents. This assessor-blinded randomised controlled trial was conducted in one secondary school in the Hunter Region, Australia, from July to September 2013. Ninety-six (96) students (age = 15.4 (.5) years, 51.5% female) were randomised into intervention (n = 51) or control (n = 45) conditions for 8-weeks (60 min twice per week). Waist circumference, body mass index (BMI), BMI-Z score (primary outcomes), cardiorespiratory fitness (shuttle run test), muscular fitness (standing jump, push-up, handgrip, curl-up test), flexibility (sit and reach) and resistance training skill competency were measured at baseline and immediate post-intervention. Feasibility measures of recruitment, retention, adherence and satisfaction were assessed. Significant group-by-time intervention effects were found for waist circumference [?3.1 cm, P < 0.001], BMI [?1.38 kg · m^?2, P < 0.001], BMI-Z [?0.5 z-scores, P < 0.001], sit and reach [+3.0 cm, P < 0.001], standing jump [+0.1 m, P = 0.021] and shuttle run [+10.3 laps, P = 0.019]. Retention rate was 82.3%. All programme sessions were delivered and participants’ mean satisfaction scores ranged from 4.2 to 4.6 out of 5. The findings demonstrate that CrossFit Teens? is a feasible and efficacious programme for improving health-related fitness in adolescents.     

Effects on muscle strength,maximal jump height,flexibility and postural sway after soccer and Zumba exercise among female hospital employees: a 9-month randomised controlled trial

This 9-month randomised controlled workplace physical activity trial investigated the effects of soccer and Zumba exercise, respectively, on muscle strength, maximal jump height, sit-and-reach flexibility and postural sway among female workers. A total of 107 female hospital employees aged 25–63 were cluster-randomised to a soccer group, a Zumba group or a control group. Training was conducted outside working hours as two to three 1-h weekly sessions the first 3 months and once a week the last 6 months. Tests were conducted at baseline, after 3 and 9 months. The soccer group improved maximal neck extension strength both after 3 (1.2 kg; P < 0.05) and 9 months (1.7 kg; P < 0.01) compared to the control group. The Zumba group improved maximal trunk extension strength (3.1 kg; P = 0.04) after 3 months, with improvements in postural sway velocity moment (?9.2 mm²/s; P < 0.05) and lower limb lean mass (0.4 kg; P < 0.05) after 9 months. No significant intervention effects were revealed in vertical jump height or sit-and-reach flexibility. The present study indicates that workplace-initiated soccer and Zumba exercise may be beneficial for improvement of the neck and trunk strength, which may have preventive effects with regard to future perceived muscle pain in the respective body regions. Furthermore, the Zumba group revealed positive effects on lower limb lean mass and postural sway compared to the control group.     

全国教育科学规划与民族教育学科的发展：回顾与展望

全国教育科学规划很大程度上引领着民族教育研究的发展。民族教育属于新兴领域，其学科规划历史较短，但课题研究成果显著，影响了民族教育理论和实践，推动了该学科和教育人类学等相关学科的迅速发展。课题研究应加强适切性，加强人类学方法、重视学科基础知识建设和研究本土化。学科规划要注意课题的覆盖面，强调实地调查，向民族地区研究者倾斜。     

陶行知师德思想的生成与构成

陶行知师德思想源于两个生成:历史生成与实践生成。中国古代师德思想与西方师德思想确立了其历史根基,国情催生了其教育信念,生活教育运动成就了其整体发展;对其整体而展开的行动与思想、身份与角色、联系与发展等三个维度的构成分析可以原生态地总括出其性质与倾向是生活教育师德思想,其主体内容构成中最重视的是作为教育者、学习者、创造者的职业道德追求,其总框架是:现代化是大框框,生活教育是主色调,“爱满天下”是起点,教育信仰是精神动力,“教学做合一”是根本方法,为大多数人受教育服务是初衷与舞台,平等是基础,民主是目标,创造是特色。     

高职写作理论初探

本文从高等职业技术教育理论出发,运用教学实践成果,对高职写作教学的目标、要求和方法等进行了探讨。