中学生科学探究能力评价的现状与分析

通过对贵州省中学理科教师的问卷调查和访谈,可以看出,中学理科教师对评价科学探究能力的重要性认识统一,但评价意识不强,对如何评价学生探究能力把握不准,对用纸笔考试作为评价科学探究能力的唯一方式的现状不满意.认为课程标准对评价学生科学探究能力缺乏指导性,纸笔考试与实施的探究教学有差距,教师对考查或评价学生科学探究能力缺乏准备,课堂评价结果没有进入学生的评价体系是评价探究能力困难的原因.因此,推出与科学探究能力目标相匹配的可操作的评价标准,将表现性评价嵌入在科学探究的教学中,采取多渠道、多方式培训模式,提高教师评价能力是当务之急.     

评标专业分类与专家管理

主要讨论了评标专家专业分类标准的特点以及实施中如何细化的问题,并就评标专家的管理提出了若干对策和建议。     

我国中小学生身体素质现状分析及其对策

近两年进行的全国中小学学生体质健康监测结果再次显示:我国中小学生身体素质,尤其是爆发力、力量、耐力和肺活量仍不乐观,超重和肥胖者比例有所增加,学生视力不良检出率继续上升,脊柱侧弯和颈椎慢性损伤有上升趋势。出现如上问题的成因虽说是多方面的,但体育课程设置与体育锻炼不足是重要的原因之一。本文将对此做出分析,并对当前采取的应对措施提出刍议。     

Experiences of teacher evaluation systems on high school physical education programs

Primary objective: Teacher evaluation is being revamped by policy-makers. The marginalized status of physical education has protected this subject area from reform for many decades, but in our current era of system-wide, data-based decision-making, physical education is no longer immune. Standardized and local testing, together with structured observation measures, are swiftly being mandated in the USA as required elements of teacher evaluation systems in an effort to improve school programs and student achievement. The purpose of this investigation was to document how this reform was initiated and the experiences of teachers, students and administrators, from three high school physical education programs, during initiation of this reform. Documenting how physical education programs respond to such reforms develops our understanding of top-down reform efforts and helps to identify conditions under which such reforms have the intended effect on physical education teachers and student learning in physical education.

Theoretical framework: Fullan’s three phases of school change has been used to analyze and guide school change efforts in several subject areas including physical education. The phases are initiation, implementation and institutionalization. This study is situated primarily within the first phase of school change, the initiation phase.

Methods and procedures: This study took place over a 21-month period in 3 suburban school districts in a northeast metropolitan area of the USA. Interviews with district physical education administrators, high school physical education teachers and students were conducted. Field notes of physical education classes, informal interviews and related artifacts including pre- and post-physical education assessments were collected. To ensure trustworthiness, several steps were taken including member checks, triangulation and peer review. The data were analyzed to find common themes and patterns using the constant comparative method.

Results: Several themes emerged: (1) changes in curriculum and assessment; (2) effect on administrators; (3) stakeholder apathy and (4) department collaboration.

Conclusion: Changes, although minor, did take place in the wake of this top-down teacher reform; however, additional research needs to be completed to determine whether or not these changes are meaningful or long lasting.     

基于Preker-Harding模型的大型公共体育场馆事业单位体制改革模式评价

采用典型案例调查法、专家访谈法,借鉴Preker-Harding模型理论对我国大型公共体育场馆事业单位管理体制改革模式进行评价。结果显示,我国事业单位场馆管理体制改革模式可总结为体制内部改革模式、事业单位企业化管理改革模式、企事业并轨改革模式、BCO改革模式、"事转企"改革模式、事业单位委托管理模式6种。结合Preker-Harding 模型设计了评价的8个纬度。分析认为,体制内部改革模式、事业单位企业化管理改革模式属于事业单位自主化运营模式,企事业并轨改革模式、BCO改革模式属于管理机构法人化模式,"事转企"改革模式属于企业法人模式,事业单位委托管理模式属于委托法人化模式。4种模式在政府作为所有者和监管者方面的职能不同,未来我国事业场馆改革目标和思路是分类改革,改革方向的近期目标是采用事业单位企业化管理模式,中期发展目标是借鉴BCO管理改革模式,长期发展目标是完善委托管理模式。     

The dynamic control ratio at the equilibrium point (DCRe): introducing relative and absolute reliability scores

Analytical methods to assess thigh muscle balance need to provide reliable data to allow meaningful interpretation. However, reproducibility of the dynamic control ratio at the equilibrium point has not been evaluated yet. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare relative and absolute reliability indices of its angle and moment values with conventional and functional hamstring–quadriceps ratios. Furthermore, effects of familiarisation and angular velocity on reproducibility were analysed. A number of 33 male volunteers participated in 3 identical test sessions. Peak moments (PMs) were determined unilaterally during maximum concentric and eccentric knee flexion (prone) and extension (supine position) at 0.53, 1.57 and 2.62 rad · s^–1. A repeated measure, ANOVA, confirmed systematic bias. Intra-class correlation coefficients and standard errors of measurement indicated relative and absolute reliability. Correlation coefficients were averaged over respective factors and tested for significant differences. All balance scores showed comparable low-to-moderate relative (<0.8–0.9) and good absolute reliability (<10%). Relative reproducibility of dynamic control equilibrium parameters augmented with increasing angular velocity, but not with familiarisation. At 2.62 rad · s^–1, high (moment: 0.906) to moderate (angle: 0.833) relative reliability scores with accordingly high absolute indices (4.9% and 6.4%) became apparent. Thus, the dynamic control equilibrium is an equivalent method for the reliable assessment of thigh muscle balance.     

多媒体与高等数学教学

基于多媒体教学在高等数学课实践应用的效果,以及多媒体教学环节应处理好的关系问题,进行了研究与思考．实践证明,要达到理想的教学效果,高等教学教学中必须采用以传统教学为主,多媒体教学为辅的教学手段．     

库森比较教育思想评析

库森是法国的比较教育学家。库森认为教育比较的目的在于“借鉴改进”,他研究外国教育体制的唯一目的就是通过外国经验来解决法国的社会问题。库森重视教育比较的“实证调查”方法,他在研究过程中非常强调考察成功的实践经验,总结教育比较的“因素考察”内容。库森对比较教育科学的贡献主要集中在三个方面：一是提出了进行研究比较时组织材料所遵循的程序;二是总结了国与国之间的教育比较内容;三是试图给出一种理想化的对比标准。库森比较教育思想的局限性体现在教育比较的“理想”化标准,不够现实。     

教师课堂教学质量网上评价的探索与思考——以河北北方学院为例

课堂教学质量是高等学校教学质量的核心,是学校教学质量监控体系的重要组成部分。建立科学、高效的网上评教系统,不断完善评教机制,将有效地促进学校教学质量的稳步提高。以河北北方学院2008/2009学年第一学期首次学生网上评教数据为依据,分析了课堂教学网上评价的优点与不足,在完善指标体系、评价系统以及评教的组织与管理方面提出具体对策。     

机电一体化技术专业基于“2＋0.5＋0.5”教学模式的教学改革研究与实践

文章借鉴国际高等职业教育的经验,结合经济发展对机电一体化复合技能型人才的需要,以安徽国防科技职业学院机电一体化专业实施基于＂2＋0.5＋0.5＂教学模式的教学改革研究与实践为案例,详细阐述了该专业职业岗位的确立和人才培养目标的定位、课程体系构建、课程建设和教学模式改革、教学评价体系改革、实施大赛引领战略五个方面的具体内容。