司法改革与证据立法的关系初探

司法改革与证据立法是相辅相承的关系。中国现行以实现公正与效率为目标的司法改革应当与证据立法有机地结合起来,而不应该仅仅关注司法独立的问题。对证据制度进行合理的设计能够在很大程度上保证司法公正与效率的实现。     

核心素养的认知诊断测评体系建构

核心素养作为人的必备品质和关键能力,其测评成为了教育教学研究的主要议题。认知诊断理论与素养测评具有内在一致性,在分析认知诊断测评核心素养的合理性和可行性的基础上,借助认知诊断测评理论,文章从核心素养的基本属性关系构建、认知诊断测试的编制、认知诊断模型的选择与应用、测评结果解释与诊断报告的制定等方面建构起素养测评的完整体系,并以数感为例对测评体系的应用做了解析。结合当前核心素养测评的现状,文章针对认知诊断的核心素养测评给出了启示,为核心素养的测评提供了新的视角。     

An ecological approach to the on-line assessment of problem-solving paths: Principles and applications

In this paper, we propose a theoretical framework for designing on-line situated assessment tools for multimedia instructional systems. Based on an ecological psychology approach to situated learning, a graph theoretic methodology is applied to monitor students' performance (solution paths) throughout the learning activity. Deviation of the student's path from the target (expert) path generates indicators which can function as alerts to the student and to the instructor. The information collected in the dribble files and presented visually enables the instructor to identify problems quickly and intervene appropriately. The feasibility of the methodology is explored in case studies describing three instructional systems that teach (1) critical thinking and problem-solving skills, (2) principles of hemodynamic monitoring and treatment, and (3) orthodontic treatment, respectively.     

Prospective primary teachers’ perceptions about the use of mathematics homework

The benefit of homework (HW) has been the subject of ongoing debate among various stakeholders. Within this debate, and in relation to teacher development, prospective teachers’ views of HW have received limited attention. In this study, we survey primary pre-service teachers’ (‘PSTs’) views of HW use (n = 45 teaching grades 2–5; n = 39 teaching grades 6 and 7) in a single discipline (mathematics) at one large Australian university.

The literature suggests students in upper primary and secondary grades will benefit from the use of mathematics HW. Results of the study, in contrast, suggest our PSTs teaching early primary grades planned to give proportionally (but not significantly) more mathematics HW than those teaching later grades. Reasons for this disparity are discussed. We argue there is a need in teacher development to equip PSTs with a better understanding of how classroom and home-based learning work together in the development of mathematical understanding.     

用正确的评价激励学生走向成功

为了激励学生走向成功,要学习和研究新课程标准和教改实验区的先进经验,确立新的正确评价理念,引导家长改变子女成材观,重视形成性的评价作用,尝试评价内容的多元化,以及开展多主体评价和建立学生档案柜等。     

Chinese award-winning tutors’ perceptions and practices of classroom-based assessment

This study examines Chinese tertiary award-winning tutors’ perceptions and reported practices of classroom-based assessment. Seventeen tutors in the final stage of a national university teaching contest were individually interviewed. An interview framework was developed using three process dimensions of assessment for learning (AfL). A sequential and iterative analysis of resulting data was conducted based on Miles and Huberman’s protocols for qualitative analysis. Participants demonstrated a complex set of connections between perceptions and practices around issues of sharing standards, delivering feedback and response to external assessments. Results deviate from widely promoted principles of AfL and classroom-based assessment espoused in the international literature; in doing so, they challenge existing research and assumptions about the standardised and international nature of award-winning instructors’ assessment practices. Findings are discussed in relationship to understanding best practices in tertiary assessment, given emerging tertiary education markets. Practical implications for the further development of learning and assessment practices and theoretical implications for the AfL theory are also discussed.     

论民事诉讼法中诚实信用原则的确立

关于诚实信用原则的适用范围能否成为民事诉讼法的基本原则,理论上的争论早已存在,其中关键在于诚实信用原则是否具备独立价值和意义,以及适合民事诉讼法的土壤能否生存。从三方面阐述并论证诚实信用原则在民事诉讼法中被确立为基本原则的必然性,从而得出:在当代民事诉讼理论及实践的大背景下,确立诚实信用原则具有积极的意义。     

近十年国际高等教育评估研究的现状、热点及趋势

《高等教育评估与评价》(Assessment&Evaluation in Higher Education)作为唯一被SSCI收录的高等教育评估期刊,具有很大的学术影响力。以该期刊近十年来的载文为研究对象,运用CiteSpace文献计量软件分析国际高等教育评估的高影响力作者群体、研究热点、知识基础和前沿领域。研究结果表明:我国高等教育评估研究者的国际影响力逐步扩大;强调学生在评估中的参与度、关注反馈在评估中的地位以及重视教与学微观层面的评估为国际高等教育评估的三大研究热点;学生评教以及评估设计将是未来一段时间国际高等教育评估的前沿领域。     

Fluid reasoning,working memory and planning ability in assessment of risk for mathematical difficulties

ABSTRACT

The demands on mathematical problem-solving have increased in almost all school systems internationally and may constitute a barrier for children with special educational needs (SEN). This study explored the role of fluid reasoning (FR), working memory (WM) and complex executive function of planning (EF) in children (N = 62) referred for assessment of SEN, and specifically of risk for mathematical difficulties (MD). Performances on FR, WM and complex EF of planning were used to predict risk for MD. Results showed that planning ability predicted children at risk for MD, beyond FR or WM ability, when comparing with children not at risk for MD. It was concluded that assessing the complex EF of planning in addition to FR and WM ability is crucial in identifying children at risk for MD. The importance of understanding how planning ability affects children’s mathematical problem-solving is discussed, in relation to assessment and teaching practices.     

证据中的事实信息

证据不是（案件）事实，但证据与事实存在内在联系，即证据是证明案件事实的“根据”。但是，证据本身并不就是事实根据，“根据”也并不等于事实。证据之所以能够成为证明案件事实的根据，是基于证据蕴涵着事实信息，通过事实信息能够揭示证据事实，查明案件事实。事实信息就是存在于证据中的那些能够据以做出事实判断的信息。事实信息具有自然属性和法律属性。事实信息既是证据存在的前提，又是证据事实得以发现的根据。控辩双方收集证据并从中识别和收集事实信息的证明活动，法官对于证据和事实信息的认定和运用，是整个刑事诉讼证明活动的主要内容。