电子文件证据性概念模型研究

本文对电子文件"四性"与电子证据"三性"进行系统分析与映射,深入探讨上述概念在文件管理语境和证据法学语境中的内涵与外延、差异与关联,在对概念进行拆解与重塑的基础上构建了电子文件证据性概念模型.该模型包含对应电子证据"三性"的三个圈层,以及真实性、可靠性、完好性、齐全性、可用性、安全性、保密性、合法合规性八项属性.     

技术标准中的企业专利战略:一个案例分析

专利战略的重要意义已经普遍得到认识,然而专利战略的实际制订和实施依然没有成熟的模式。技术标准是公司梦寐以求的目标,那是获得市场的法宝。通过对GSM技术标准形成的回顾以及摩托罗拉和诺基亚等公司的专利战略分析,指出作为技术标准中的主要专利持有者,可以充分的挖掘专利的直接价值和间接价值,保证市场份额的同时,能够延续在技术上的优势。作为技术标准中的新进入者,或者是后发企业,则可以通过专利收购等措施获得部分专利,进入标准,同时凭借专注和投入,积极学习和创新,实现赶超。     

探究体育新课程标准下的新型师生关系

从新课程标准下体育教学过程的学生、教师入手,采用对比的方法探究了体育新课程标准的实施必将使师生之间的关系,师生的教、学行为等发生变化。学生不应再是教学过程中的接收者、模仿者,而应该是劳动者、求索者、设计者;教师不应再是传授者、命令者,而应该是生产者、中介者、服务者。体育教学中的师生关系应该是一种平等、合作、互动的关系,教师不应再将自己凌驾于学生之上,只有这样,学生才能感受到运动的乐趣和学习环境的温馨,学习的积极性、主动性和创造性才能充分体现出来。     

探讨体育新课程标准下的体育合作学习

体育新课程标准的实施过程中强调“自主、合作、探究”,其中它赋予了我们进行合作学习的机会,紧扣体育新课程标准的理念,对合作学习作了比较详细的分析,并在此基础上对在新课程标准下怎样进行合作学习做了探讨。     

基于元数据的电子政务信息资源组织模式

在当今网络环境下,电子政务信息资源组织模式有效与否直接关系到信息资源的组织、管理和服务的效果。本文系统分析了目前信息资源组织4种基本模式的优点与不足,提出了基于元数据的信息资源组织模式,并对我国电子政务元数据标准的建立进行了思考。     

资源集合元数据标准探析

在数字图书馆建设过程中,资源集合无处不在,建立其元数据标准,是提供资源集合网上服务和数据交换的基础。本文分析了资源集合的概念、现有的资源集合元数据标准及资源集合与资源对象的关系,认为资源集合也是一种资源对象,从而提出可以采用适用于资源对象元数据标准的方法——元数据深度来分析资源集合,从而使资源集合元数据标准的建立更为简单化。     

Webinars in higher education and professional training: A meta-analysis and systematic review of randomized controlled trials

Digital learning environments are increasingly popular in higher education and professional training. Teaching and learning via webinars, and web conferencing more broadly, represents one widely used approach. Webinars are defined as web-based seminars, in which participants and facilitators communicate live over the Internet across distant geographical locations using shared virtual platforms and interact ubiquitously and synchronously in real time via voice over IP technology and web camera equipment. In the past, studies have reported mixed evidence concerning the effectiveness of webinars in promoting student achievement. As a remedy, this systematic literature review and meta-analysis cumulates observed effect sizes from previously published randomized controlled trials and corrects artifactual variance induced by sampling error. The research questions were: How effective are webinars in promoting student achievement? And which characteristics moderate webinar effectiveness? The findings suggest that webinars were slightly more effective than control conditions (online asynchronous learning management systems and offline face-to-face classroom instruction), but the differences were trivial in size. Differences were moderated by webinar, participant, achievement, and publication characteristics. This meta-analysis is the first to systematically review and meta-analyze the best evidence available for evaluating the effectiveness of webinars and video conferences in promoting student knowledge and skills. The implications of the study's findings can inform school teachers, lecturers, trainers, technologists, and theorists interested in the computer-supported design, implementation, delivery, tutoring, and assessment of webinar-based learning environments.     

Adding Objectivity to Standard Setting: Evaluating Consequence Using the Conscious and Subconscious Weight Methods

Standard setting is arguably one of the most subjective techniques in test development and psychometrics. The decisions when scores are compared to standards, however, are arguably the most consequential outcomes of testing. Providing licensure to practice in a profession has high stake consequences for the public. Denying graduation or forcing remediation has high-impact consequences for students. Unfortunately, tests that classify individuals are subjected to false positive and false negative misclassifications. When determining a standard, standard setting panelists implicitly consider the negative consequences of the decisions made from test use. We propose the conscious weight method and subconscious weight method to bring more objectivity to the standard setting process. To do this, these methods quantify the relative harm of the negative consequences of false positive and false negative misclassification.     

基于“新课标”理念下的体育个性化教学探析

为了迎合新时代教育发展的要求,契合"新课标"体育教学理念,为社会培养新时代全面发展的复合型人才。然而"新课标"理念作为学校体育基础教学的标准指标体系,在基础教学中起着关键性作用。"量体裁衣、对症下药"的体育教学方式是培养学生体育学科核心素养的捷径。通过文献资料法、归纳与演绎法对"新课标"理念在学校具体的体育基础教学过程中,针对教学模式进行探讨,分析影响个性化教学的因素,对个性化教学进行探析。结论:个性化教学有利于促进学生学科核心素养的形成,健全完美人格,提升学生兴趣爱好,并造就学生良性循环的学习过程。     

It's Not Just Angoff: Misperceptions of Hard and Easy Items in Bookmark-Type Ratings

A common belief is that the Bookmark method is a cognitively simpler standard-setting method than the modified Angoff method. However, a limited amount of research has investigated panelist's ability to perform well the Bookmark method, and whether some of the challenges panelists face with the Angoff method may also be present in the Bookmark method. This article presents results from three experiments where panelists were asked to give Bookmark-type ratings to separate items into groups based on item difficulty data. Results of the experiments showed, consistent with results often observed with the Angoff method, that panelists typically and paradoxically perceived hard items to be too easy and easy items to be too hard. These perceptions were reflected in panelists often placing their Bookmarks too early for hard items and often placing their Bookmarks too late for easy items. The article concludes with a discussion of what these results imply for educators and policymakers using the Bookmark standard-setting method.