执行功能与决策的关系研究述评

决策是指对已有方案进行评估和选择的过程。该领域的研究主要集中在模糊决策、风险决策以及决策启发式三个方面。执行功能在不同类型的决策中有不同程度的参与。梳理执行功能与模糊决策、风险决策、决策启发式的关系研究,指出今后研究中要注意执行功能的个体差异、决策的主观意图以及其他影响因素的作用。     

PLCs: Key PD component in learning transfer for teachers of English learners

As part of a two-year long professional development program for in-service teachers leading to endorsement in English as a Second Language (ESL), this investigation examined teachers' perceptions of the role of professional learning communities on their professional development experience, particularly on their sharing and transfer of learning into their instructional practice. Results from this mixed-methods research indicated that teachers perceived their professional learning communities, especially the reflective dialogue enacted during their weekly Try It Out discussion based on peers’ strategy implementations, as the most relevant component of their professional development program to their transferring of learning into their instructional practice.     

The role of the English learner facilitator in developing teacher capacity for the instruction of English learners

As a field, we have a limited understanding and a dearth of empirical research concerning the role of high school instructional coaches focused on English learners (ELs). This paper examines one EL facilitator’s work as an instructional coach and resource for supporting mainstream content teachers as they learn to meet the needs of adolescent ELs in one high school. This analysis is grounded within an examination of the influence of school structure and organization on the EL facilitator’s work and her role as a resource. Drawing on sociocultural learning theory, as well as literature on teacher leadership and instructional coaching, case study data from a year-long qualitative research project are analyzed. Implications for research, policy, and practice are discussed.     

科技政策执行力的影响因素研究——基于解释结构模型的分析

在对科技政策执行力影响因素及其关系进行调研的基础上,对影响科技政策执行力的各个因素进行分类,同时综合运用解释结构模型(ISM)分析了不同因素之间的层次关系。研究结果显示:在内部影响因素中,执行主体的兴趣是直接影响执行力强弱的表层因素,政策内容和服务对象是影响执行力的底层因素;在外部影响因素中,科技需求和制度环境分别为影响科技政策执行力的表层因素和底层因素。将内外部因素综合起来考虑,则内部因素大多为中表层因素,外部因素主要为底层因素等。     

论成人教育的出发点与终极目标——从“成人教育回归成人生活世界”谈起

以回归成人学员的生活世界为成人教育的出发点,体现了以人为本的理念,还原了教育与生活的真实联系,也是成人教育实践的客观要求。但仅有这一点还不够,成人教育的终极目标是要提升成人学员的生命质量,这一目标分为三个层次:培养成人学员对生命的自觉;促进成人学员发挥潜能,实现他自己;帮助成人学员实现生命的超越发展。     

应用NLP理论转化学困生的策略初探

学困生问题是教育工作者必须面对的现实问题。转化学困生是一项长期而艰巨的任务,在今天这项工作依然严峻,尤其是在广州市白云区的许多城乡结合部的学校里,学困生所占的比例非常大很多领导和教师为此付出了很多的心血和精力,获得了成功,也遭受了失败,内心充满了信心,也同时饱含许多无奈。本文从教育实践中总结转化学困生工作中存在的不足和误区,并在此基础上,试图运用NLP的理念来提出一些改善的策略,希望能对学困生转化工作起到一定的帮助和指导。     

第二语言学生考试焦虑探究

焦虑是学习第二语言的学生在考试过程中无法避免的因素之一。引起第二语言考试焦虑的原因主要包括学生自身因素、第二语言课堂因素、社会文化因素和测试本身等因素。积极的自我暗示、帮助学生学会合理运用时间和策略完成学习任务、采用形成性评估提供反馈、传授应试技巧、重视学生所付出的努力、多鼓励和表扬等,能积极有效地帮助学生缓解考试焦虑,发挥正常水平,取得好成绩。     

大学英语学习者英语交际使用焦虑感研究

通过对某高校191名非英语专业学生调查发现,大学英语学习者在使用英语进行交际时均有某种程度的焦虑感。学生的焦虑感与他们所感知的英语使用信心、英语学习动机和使用英语的愿望等因素呈负相关。这种焦虑感的产生主要是受学生英语水平和对所论及的话题熟悉程度限制等因素所致。在大学英语教学中应着力提高学生的英语水平,增强学生的学科知识,以降低他们在英语使用中的焦虑感。     

虚拟仿真教学系统学习效果的影响因素研究

针对虚拟仿真教学系统如何影响学习者学习效果机制不明的问题,文章基于建构主义学习理论,构建了虚拟仿真教学系统学习效果的影响机制模型。在此基础上,文章使用系统日志数据,从教学内容、虚拟仿真技术、学习者特征三个维度探讨虚拟仿真教学系统对学习效果的影响,并提出7个研究假设。随后,文章以江苏科技大学企业管理虚拟实景实验教学系统为例进行了实证研究,对7个研究假设进行了一一验证,结果发现:学习者的专业素养正向影响操作能力表现与学习效果;任务复杂性与操作能力表现之间呈倒U型关系;虚拟仿真技术分别调节了专业素养、任务复杂性与操作能力表现之间的关系。最后,文章针对虚拟仿真教学系统的具体应用提出建议,以期提升虚拟仿真教学系统在高校应用的教学效果。     

Fine Motor Control is Related to Cognitive Control in Adolescents with Down Syndrome

The connection between human cognitive development and motor functioning has been systematically examined in many typical and atypical populations; however, only a few studies focus on people with Down syndrome (DS). Twelve adolescents with DS participated and their cognitive control, measured by the Corsi-Block tapping test (e.g., visual working memory), the Auditory Memory span test (e.g., verbal working memory) and the Tower of London test (e.g., cognitive planning), and motor control, measured by the Purdue Pegboard (e.g., fine motor control), were measured in this study. Results indicate that if people with DS have better performance in fine manual dexterity, they will have better performance in cognitive planning and verbal working memory abilities. The co-activation hypothesis of the prefrontal area and the cerebellum may support this positive relationship. Hence, it is suggested people with DS will obtain benefits in cognitive control by participating in further motor intervention.