《石阡县志·艺文志》的文学文体观

《石阡县志》是贵州省现存为数不多的一部旧地方志,其内容涵盖面广,包括人文、历史、地理、资源、艺文等诸多方面,是研究当地历史、人文、地域风貌等的宝贵资料.作为该志重要组成部分的《艺文志》,就像一颗璀璨的明珠,伴随着历史的流转而沉淀下来.文章立足于文学角度,就《石阡县志·艺文志》的文学倾向、文体分类、“采诗、观风”观念等方面做浅要分析,并试图揭示它的文学文体观.     

论体育课的分层教学

随着教育教学改革的不断深化,体育教学要逐步实施分层教学,本文就个人教学实际对体育课的分层教学从理论认识、实践环节、总结思考进行阐述。     

Patent claims and patent scope

Patent scope is one of the important aspects in the debates over “patent quality.” The purported decrease in patent quality over the last decade or two has supposedly led to granting patents of increased breadth, decreased clarity, and questionable validity (in part due to over-breadth). Such patents allegedly diminish the incentives for innovation due to increased transaction costs in the market for technology, more frequent disputes and litigation, trolling behavior, and breakdowns in bargaining. This paper focuses on the patent examination process at the PTO, highlighting the relationship between patent scope and the patent examination process. We develop and validate two measurements of patent scope: independent claim length and independent claim count. These metrics—in contrast to other measurements of patent scope—can be calculated before and after examination and enable us to provide the first large-scale analysis of trends in patent scope changes during the examination process. Our results show that applications with narrower scope are associated with a higher probability of grant and a shorter and less intense examination period in comparison to applications with broader scope. Further, we find that the examination process itself tends to narrow the scope of patents relative to the scope at filing, and that the changes are more significant when the duration and intensity of examination is increased. We explain our metrics and make our data available in a public use dataset, which we hope will encourage more research in the evaluation of patent scope, patent examination, and patent quality more broadly.     

从精神分析的立场看心理咨询师的培训

在心理治疗中,治疗师不能简单地以自己的良好意愿为标准帮助病人。掌握心理咨询过程中的“好”、“坏”标准是心理咨询师培训的首要任务。应提供足够的自我体验机会,让心理咨询师对自己的潜意识有足够的认识。理解病人是一项贯穿治疗全过程的工作。理解病人的过程就是促进病人成长的过程。培养理解病人的能力是心理咨询师培训的核心内容。建立督导制度是培养合格心理治疗师的必不可少的环节。     

中国画论视野中的油画创作教育

“外师造化,中得心源”是中国绘画理论审美意象创作的一种高度概括,是一个统一的过程。在这个过程中创造性的想象起着很重要的作用,中国当代化创造应对本国化有深入的了解,青年油画创作要不断地训练创造性的想象,为创造能够体现先进化发展方向的具有鲜明的民族特色、饱满的时代精神和真诚的个性创造的中国油画艺术而努力。     

对我国个体经济、私营经济认识的演变轨迹

在我国，个体、私营经济作为非公有制经济的主要代表发挥着越来越重要的作用，已经成为我国社会主义市场经济的重要组成部分，但对个体、私营经济的正确认识并非是一步到位的．而是伴随着个体、私营经济的发展历程而不断深化、逐步贴近现实的。在当前，我们需要进一步调整政策措施，把个体、私营经济这个“蛋糕”做大，使之更好地促进国家、社会的发展。     

梁启超开放的中西文化交流观

梁启超融通古今,学贯中西,对西学持开放吸纳的态度。他揭露、抨击顽固派对西方文化的拒斥,主张借鉴西方文明之长以发展本国文化学术,提出民族文化整合的构想,这些在当时非常先进的思想产生了深远的社会影响。     

Understanding students’ conceptions of sustainability

There has recently been significant emphasis placed on environmental education through, for example, the UN’s Decade of Education for Sustainable Development. Despite this, there is still considerable debate within the literature as to how the aims of environmental education can be achieved within schools. It seems likely that if there is a lack of agreement as to what education for sustainable development should include, then this will impact students’ understanding of sustainable development. This paper presents findings from research investigating how one class of 12‐ to 13‐year‐old geography students in the UK understands the concept of sustainability. The research used concept‐mapping and semi‐structured interviews to explore the students’ understandings of sustainability, within a case study framework. The substantive findings of this research suggest that there is a wide variety of understanding of sustainability among the students, but that generally they allude to three: the nature, purpose and timescale of sustainability. The paper also considers the impact of method on researching students’ subject understandings, in particular the use of context when considering abstract concepts, such as sustainability, and the different results obtained when conducting interviews versus concept maps.     

Teaching NHCE with Cross-Cultural Simulations

Cross-cultural communication competence is very important for the students who study English as a second language. In order to teach effectively.the teachers may try to teach with cross-cultural simulations.The au- thor Of the article uses 5 simulations in the course of New Horizon College English.Although the sample size in this research is small,the author shows the ideas that cross-cultural awareness is related to communication competence and teaching with cross-cultural simulations helps understanding.     

做好县级领导干部培训的几点体会

县级领导干部是我国各项政策最直接的执行者重点工程县级领导干部培训班主要负责对地方主管林业的县级领导干部进行知识更新。培训班每一个细节的完善都有助于提高培训质量和效果,促进基层林业工作顺利开展。