Efficiency and Inefficiency in the Ranking in Competitions: the Case of the Queen Elisabeth Music Contest

The Queen Elisabeth Contest is one of the most prestigious competitions in classical music. For both the artists who participate and for the public, it is important that the ranking of the finalists be affected as little as possible by exogenous factors relating to the organisation of the competition. Still, it is impossible to control for all contingencies. Thus, the ranking can be expected to deviate from that obtained in a hypothetical full-information assessment process. As such, the ranking may be unfair to the candidates and inefficient in providing information to the consumer. Deviations from the full-information ideal may result from self-selection of candidates, from positive information at the margin, and from differences in circumstances. Analysing data on all piano and violin versions of the Contest over the period 1956–1999, we find strong evidence of biases in the rankingprocess. Confirming previous research, we find that musicians who perform later in the final week or later on a given day in this week (on average) obtain a better classification. Further, in the piano competitions women obtain lower rankings and, prior to 1990, finalists from the Soviet Union obtained higherrankings than average. The jury appreciates innovation in the sense that musicians who perform a more recently composed concerto obtain a higher rank. Finally – especiallyfor violin – the candidate's decision to perform a popular concerto leadsto a lower ranking.     

田径类课程设计的若干理论问题探讨

从课程设计角度,探讨了田径类课程定位、课程目标、课程结构、课程实施方案、课程内容、课程评价等诸多课程设计理论问题.     

男子公开级赛艇运动员机能变化规律的初步研究

目的:初步探讨赛艇训练周期内的训练特点与运动员机能指标变化之间的关系和变化规律.方法:在整个赛艇训练周期内,对中国国家队15名男子公开级赛艇运动员的常规机能指标如血红蛋白(Hb)、血清肌酸激酶(CK)、血尿素(BU)和血睾酮(T)进行了系统的测试.结果:男子公开级赛艇运动员BU、CK、Hb基础值处于正常人的标准范围,但个体差异较大;在整个训练周期,BU、CK、Hb等机能指标伴随着训练周期训练方法的变化也经历了周期性变化,T的变化则是先降低后升高.结论:BU、CK和Hb各指标存在着不同程度的个体差异,纵向比较和综合BU、CK、Hb等机能指标进行赛艇训练监控更有意义,不能以单一机能指标作为上量上强度的标准.     

基于数据融合中Dempster-Shafer证据理论的入侵检测技术

本文先简要的介绍了入侵检测系统的组成和几个应用层次,接着讨论了数据融合技术中的Dempster-Shafer证据理论,并尝试给出了其在入侵检测的身份识别的一个算法和实例.     

武术运动员腾空飞脚动作全过程的技术诊断

运用小角度平面定点扫描拍摄技术，对武术套路运动员的5次腾空飞脚分解动作进行了现场拍摄，并用国产爱捷录像分析系统进行了解析，结果表明：助跑阶段的频变化不大，而步长呈减小趋势；腾空阶段第二次击响处在上升阶段接近但还未到达最高点，这就为身体处在最高空时作好优美造型腾出了时间；落地时重心偏低，下落的时间较短，造成了缓冲的范围较小。     

对我国优秀女子排球运动员流畅心理状态与比赛成绩的关系研究

采用《流畅状态量表》对我国12支女子排球甲级队138名运动员进行调查。研究结果发现，主力运动员比非主力运动员在流畅心理状态特征上的得分高；八一、辽宁、上海和江苏队的运动员流畅心理状态的特征较明显；福建、山东和四川队的运动员流畅心理状态的特征在12支队伍中得分最低。这与1999～2000年全国女子排球甲级队联赛中的成绩有较高的一致性。     

A first introduction to archival science

This first introduction, written for educational purposes, is meant to be a concise basic text in which the core concepts of archival science are coherently defined and explained, in a non-polemical way and departing from a de-institutionalised point of view. It is not intended to support or reject any single theory, but to provide an overview. It should be read as a synthesis of a variety of shared ideas and views, not as a manifesto of a new approach to archival science. If there is anything new to it, it might be located in the coherent and integrated presentation. In this primer of archival science annotation has been avoided. The first of several versions of this First Introduction was written in August 1995. It was meant to meet the need of the Netherlands Archiefschool for a basic text on archival science which could support its different programs for archival education and training. After ample discussion with the archival science teachers of the Archiefschool, it was introduced in the 1995/1996 courses. From then on, it has been used in almost all courses and classes on archival science on the undergraduate, graduate and postgraduate levels and in several training and retraining programs of the Archiefschool. The design of the first version has been maintained in all subsequent versions, including this last one. Still, the text has frequently been adapted as a result of discussions with students and colleagues, in and outside the school. This first English version can almost be deemed as a collective product. Of the numerous colleagues who were engaged in this discussion and contributed to the text, special mention has to be made of Peter Horsman, Hans Scheurkogel, Hans Hofman, Eric Ketelaar, Herman Coppens and Kent Hayworth, who commented the English version. For the final text and all imperfections that may still cling to it I am, of course, responsible. An earlier version in Dutch has been published as: Theo thomassen, “Een korte introductie in de archivistiek”, in: P.J. Horsman, F.C.J. Ketelaar en T.H.P.M. Thomassen (red.),Naar een nieuw paradigma in de archivistiek ('s-Gravenhage, 1999), pp. 11–20.     

高级女体操运动员选材专家系统

在Turbo-Prolog 环境下开发的ESSSWG 专家系统,具有人机友好的用户界面;应用规则的解释模块可提供系统推理过程的解释;知识库维护模块为用户获取知识、修改知识提供了方便手段。用户能按照系统提供的中文菜单逐步完成对一个运动员的入选分析。该系统能帮助体操教练更好地选拔优秀运动员。     

信息管理与图书馆员角色变迁

信息技术的迅速发展，给图书馆管理带来空前的挑战，由传统的文献管理向知识信息管理转变已不可避免。在这一转变过程中，图书馆员的传统角色也将发生变化，基于知识信息管理的专家系统，正是其发展前途所在。     

跳高运动员专项身体素质与专项成绩相关关系的研究

对 8名男子跳高运动员进行了专项成绩和身体素质测验 ,同时测试了运动员下肢髋、膝、踝 3个关节的等速屈伸肌力。通过相关分析探讨了跳高运动员专项身体素质、下肢力量水平与专项成绩之间的关系。结果表明 ,髋关节屈伸肌力矩、膝关节伸肌力矩、踝关节跖屈肌力矩与跳高专项成绩相关。