新课程背景下教师专业技能评价的研究

在教师专业技能评价的重要性的基础上,从评价目的、评价内容、评价主体、评价方法等方面分析了新课程理念下教师专业技能评价的特点,提出了新课程背景下教师专业技能评价的目标和策略,旨在构建科学、合理的教师专业技能评价体系。     

From childhood to senior professional football: elite youth players’ engagement in non-football activities

Abstract

Despite the large amount of research available on how engagement in football practice relates to future performance level among football players, similar information about the contribution of non-football activities is scarce. Based on data from 745 elite youth players this study aimed to identify the characteristics and contribution of diverse participation towards elite youth and senior professional status. The data were collected using a retrospective questionnaire where the players reported the amount of time spent in other sports than football, in addition to their perceived contribution of different non-football activities for developing football skills. The accumulated hours of time spent in other sports of players who had obtained a senior professional contract were compared to non-professional players, using multilevel modelling (n = 558), while a t-test compared the activity ratings to each other. No significant differences were identified between professional and non-professional players’ engagement history, but overall, the players rated sports similar to football to be significantly more relevant for developing football skills than other sports. The results suggests that spending time in non-football activities did not contribute to present differences in performance attainment in football, but also that potential advantages of such activities may be related to their characteristics.     

Differences in game reading between selected and non-selected youth soccer players

Applying an established theory of cognitive development―Skill Theory―the current study compares the game-reading skills of youth players selected for a soccer school of a professional soccer club (n = 49) and their non-selected peers (n = 38). Participants described the actions taking place in videos of soccer game plays, and their verbalisations were coded using Skill Theory. Compared to the non-selected players, the selected players generally demonstrated higher levels of complexity in their game-reading, and structured the information of game elements―primarily the player, teammate and field―at higher complexity levels. These results demonstrate how Skill Theory can be used to assess, and distinguish game-reading of youth players with different expertise, a skill important for soccer, but also for other sports.     

2017国际轮椅篮球协会（IWBF）亚大区锦标赛中国队技术分析

2017年国际轮椅篮球协会亚大区竞标赛在北京举行,中国男队共进行了6场比赛,获得第5名,小组赛遭遇强队韩国队,在复赛中遭遇强队伊朗队。比赛反映出2分球和篮板球成为轮椅篮球的主要制胜因素,中国队在罚篮和快攻方面有较好的表现,而在2分球投篮稳定性方面有所欠缺,3分球似乎并不是轮椅篮球比赛的主要得分手段,各队3分球表现都比较差。从更高层次审视我国轮椅篮球运动则显示,未来我国轮椅篮球运动需要调动社会参与积极性,技术层面则需要加强中国队特长技术和全队突出风格的训练与打造。     

专长研究视野下的智能观

基于对智能研究历史及现状的反思,以专长研究为视角,对智能的本质、来源、范围、生成路径等问题加以讨论。认为：智能本质上是发展中专长的形式,其来源于知识结构与加工能力的互动,其生成路径为蓄意的练习,其范围具有领域限制的特征。     

Educational psychology has fallen,but it can get up

Educational psychology has fallen, but it can get up. It has fallen because of its uncertainty, as a field, as to its own core. I argue that the core of the field ought to be in the multifaceted analysis of the teaching—learning process. A useful construct for analyzing this process is that of expertise—what is it that makes for an expert teacher and an expert learner? Expertise is a prototype, and so in order to understand expertise, we need to understand the prototypes we have formed for expert teachers and students. I discuss the prototype of the expert teacher in terms of knowledge, efficiency, and insight; and the prototype of the expert student in terms of the kinds of abilities that are currently valued in schools and that we might further value. This discussion therefore points out that prototypes are not fixed: We can decide what we value, and thereby, what constitutes expertise in a given domain.     

Teaching Excellence, Teaching Expertise, and the Scholarship of Teaching

The previous decade witnessed significant advancements in the scholarship of teaching at the levels of both theory building and program development. Notwithstanding these achievements, there remains considerable ambiguity regarding the meaning of the concept. This ambiguity has implications for faculty evaluation. Excellence in teaching, expertise in teaching, and the scholarship of teaching are analyzed according to the nature and sources of knowledge construction underlying each. Practical examples are included to illustrate differences. It is argued that excellence in teaching and the scholarship of teaching are both important but should be recognized and rewarded in their own right.     

Developing football expertise: a football-specific research review

About 265 million people regularly play football, of which only 0.04% play in a professional league. This suggests that reaching expertise specifically in football is difficult and highly competitive. In recent decades, research on the development of football expertise has increased substantially. However, most of these studies have focused on isolated aspects of the developmental process, and consequently there has been a lack of overview of how these different aspects interact to produce football experts. The aim of this study is to review available research on the development of expertise specific for football. The review is limited to papers found in the electronic SportDiscus database. The 2007 Developmental Model of Sport Participation (DMSP) has been used as the conceptual framework. The results highlight the importance of football-specific practice in early developmental phases in becoming an expert in football. It is also proposed that football-specific nuances may need to be applied to the DMSP in order to make the debate of early specialization versus diversification sufficiently valid for this particular context. Consequences for practice engagement and future research are discussed.     

当前汉语国际化趋势下的文化发展战略意义讨论

"汉语国际化"是对当今世界影响最大的文化事件。中国经过20年的高速发展,已成为全球经济发展的引擎。汉语国际化有着鲜明的合理性、必然性和持续性特点。20世纪全球化背景下,"强势文化战略"已经成为世界主要经济强国谋求利益最大化的重要手段,汉语国际化是世界和平发展之必需,中国绝非以战争或经济暴力威胁他人。汉语国际化的首要宗旨是推介中华传统文化精髓,及中国当代民主科学文化理念和价值观。汉语国际化是手段,教师是关键,当务之急是教材建设和提高教师素养。     

Two factors of expertise? Excellence and professionalism of environmental experts

The aim of this article is to empirically clarify factors and conditions of expertise. In addition to the core concept of expertise as excellence, a second factor needs to be taken into account: professionalism, or professional engagement. This hypothesis was tested and confirmed using data obtained from a survey on Swiss environmental professionals (n = 3514). The empirical test was based on factor analyses (Study 1) and a structural equation model (Study 2). The expertise scale consisted of nine items for self‐assessed perceived expertise amongst professional peers (α = .78). Excellence turned out to be a logarithmic function of years of practice (Study 3). Professionalism prevailed in domains where standards for best practices still needed to be established (Study 4).