海外高科技人才回流对中国区域经济发展的影响研究——基于门槛效应的实证分析

利用中国2002-2016年省际面板数据,以国际人才迁移和中国海归回流为研究背景,以R&D投入强度作为人力资源对中国区域经济增长的门槛变量,构建门限回归模型,实证研究海外高科技人才回流对中国区域经济增长的影响。研究结果表明,R&D投入的双重门限效应显著作用于海外高科技人才对区域经济发展的贡献,随着R&D投入强度的不同,海外高科技人才回流对区域经济增长的影响存在U型关系。     

Appropriate intellectual property protection and economic growth in countries at different levels of development

This paper examines how the role of patents and utility models in innovation and economic growth varies by level of economic development. Using a panel dataset of over 70 countries, we find that patent protection is an important determinant of innovation and that patentable innovations contribute to economic growth in developed countries, but not in developing. Instead, in developing economies, a minor form of intellectual property rights (IPRs) - namely utility models - is conducive to innovation and growth, controlling for other factors. Using Korean firm level data as a case study, we find that utility model innovations contribute to firm performance when firms are technologically lagging and that those minor innovations can be a learning device and thus a stepping stone for developing more patentable inventions later on. Upon reaching higher levels of technological capabilities, firms become more reliant upon patents and less on utility models. Thus the lesson here is that patent protection enhances innovation and economic growth in countries where the capacity to conduct innovative research exists. Where this capacity is weaker, a system that provides incentives to conduct minor, incremental inventions is more conducive to growth. The significance of this paper is to emphasize the importance not just of the strength of IPRs but of the appropriate type of IPRs for economic development.     

我国高校内部效率研究——基于范围经济的分析

已有的关于我国高校效率的文献多集中研究高校的规模(规模经济),更深层次的关于高校内部运行效率尤其是内部产出组合效率(范围经济)的研究寥寥无几。我国高校的教学和科研资源是否互补、本科生教学和研究生培养资源是否共享等重大问题缺少理论探讨和经验研究。在高等教育资源稀缺的现实背景下,研究高校范围经济对于实现我国高等教育内涵式发展意义重大。使用多产出成本函数,并利用教育部直属高校数据对我国高校的本科生教学、研究生培养和科研活动之间的资源互补状况进行的研究发现:我国高校提供这些产出时未充分共享资源,其中研究生的培养较为孤立,范围不经济程度最高;在考虑我国高校的教学和科研质量后,高校产出间的资源不共享程度更为加大。反思范围不经济的原因,主要在于我国高校的设备、师资、图书的条块分割和内部管理体制的交叉重叠,同时,现行的研究生培养方式导致了研究生培养的相对割裂。因此,有关部门在制定高等教育管理政策时应充分考虑到高校内部资源的共享和互补,还应重视学校的类型和办学地点对高校内部资源配置的影响。     

Knowledge flows and bases in emerging economy innovation systems: Brazilian research 2005–2009

This article considers the role of domestic knowledge capabilities for developing countries and emerging economies, and in particular in the build-up of their national systems of innovation. Using bibliometric methods, we describe the geographic sources of knowledge and the users of Brazilian research in 2005–2009, and analyze the roles of domestic and foreign knowledge bases in it. Our results suggest that increasing reliance on domestic sources of knowledge is a feature of Brazil's improved science and technology capabilities. The ascendancy of Brazil's research informs us about the unfolding re-organization of global research, too, underlining nascent South-South knowledge flows, the prevailing relevance of EU research, and the relative decline of US research for Brazilian knowledge creation.     

不同地区高校的内部效率--从范围经济角度考察

范围经济是评价高等教育内部效率的一个重要工具。本文运用鲍莫尔等人(1982)提供的多产出组织分析框架,对教育部直属高校的样本数据的范围经济进行了实证分析。发现不论采用那种处理办法,考虑高校所在地区所得到的范围经济结果同没有考虑时(总体样本)的结果是不同的,说明在从范围经济的角度考察高等学校的内部效率时,高校所在的地区是需要考虑的重要因素之一。     

从规模经济到范围经济——远程教育经济规律的变迁

远程教育的经济规律是远程教育实践发展的重要理论基础,本文旨在对现代远程教育的经济规律进行定位.研究从彼得斯的远程教育工业化理论出发,分析了不同时代远程教育的社会需求和个人需求,以及从而引致的远程教育经济特征的变化.从需求一供给的角度论证了现代远程教育经济特征的变化,为远程教育办学机构改善成本和质量提供了参考,也为国家发展现代远程教育的战略决策提供了参考.     

Evolving Reference,Changing Culture

Abstract

Analyzes the new Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. Library in San Jose, California in terms of the experience in developing new ideas and confronting new problems in reference service. Argues that developing a merged public-university reference service encounters important problems that are similar to the challenges that face reference services everywhere in the 21st century. Introduces the problem of how a merged public-academic reference service must develop a new reference culture in order to succeed. Links the development of the reference culture to the ideas of Life Long Learning and Information Literacy.